4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 Hyphens (dashes) and underscores are equivalent in parameter names, so
21 log_buf_len=1M print-fatal-signals=1
22 can also be entered as
23 log-buf-len=1M print_fatal_signals=1
26 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
27 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
28 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
29 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
30 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
31 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
33 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
34 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
35 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
36 parameter is applicable:
38 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
39 AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.
40 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
41 APIC APIC support is enabled.
42 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
43 AVR32 AVR32 architecture is enabled.
44 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
45 BLACKFIN Blackfin architecture is enabled.
46 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
47 DYNAMIC_DEBUG Build in debug messages and enable them at runtime
48 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
49 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
50 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
51 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
52 GCOV GCOV profiling is enabled.
53 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
54 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
55 IMA Integrity measurement architecture is enabled.
56 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
57 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
58 IPV6 IPv6 support is enabled.
59 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
60 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
61 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
62 KGDB Kernel debugger support is enabled.
63 KVM Kernel Virtual Machine support is enabled.
64 LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
65 LP Printer support is enabled.
66 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
67 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
68 These options have more detailed description inside of
69 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
70 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
71 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
72 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
73 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
74 MTD MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled.
75 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
76 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
77 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
78 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
79 PV_OPS A paravirtualized kernel is enabled.
80 PARIDE The ParIDE (parallel port IDE) subsystem is enabled.
81 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
82 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
83 PCIE PCI Express support is enabled.
84 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
85 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
86 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
87 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
88 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
89 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
90 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
91 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
92 A lot of drivers have their options described inside
93 the Documentation/scsi/ sub-directory.
94 SECURITY Different security models are enabled.
95 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
96 APPARMOR AppArmor support is enabled.
97 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
98 SH SuperH architecture is enabled.
99 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
100 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
101 SWSUSP Software suspend (hibernation) is enabled.
102 SUSPEND System suspend states are enabled.
103 FTRACE Function tracing enabled.
104 TPM TPM drivers are enabled.
105 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
106 UMS USB Mass Storage support is enabled.
107 USB USB support is enabled.
108 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
109 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
110 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
111 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
112 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
113 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
114 X86-32 X86-32, aka i386 architecture is enabled.
115 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
116 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
117 Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
118 X86 Either 32bit or 64bit x86 (same as X86-32+X86-64)
119 XEN Xen support is enabled
121 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
123 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
124 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
125 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
127 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
128 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
129 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
130 need or coordination with <Documentation/x86/boot.txt>.
132 There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here.
133 See for example <Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt>.
135 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
136 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
137 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
138 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
139 running once the system is up.
141 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
142 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
143 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
144 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
145 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
147 Finally, the [KMG] suffix is commonly described after a number of kernel
148 parameter values. These 'K', 'M', and 'G' letters represent the _binary_
149 multipliers 'Kilo', 'Mega', and 'Giga', equalling 2^10, 2^20, and 2^30
150 bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted.
154 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
155 Format: { force | off | strict | noirq | rsdt }
156 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
157 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
158 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
159 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
160 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
161 rsdt -- prefer RSDT over (default) XSDT
162 copy_dsdt -- copy DSDT to memory
164 See also Documentation/power/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
166 acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC]
168 2: use 2nd APIC table, if available
169 1,0: use 1st APIC table
172 acpi_backlight= [HW,ACPI]
173 acpi_backlight=vendor
175 If set to vendor, prefer vendor specific driver
176 (e.g. thinkpad_acpi, sony_acpi, etc.) instead
177 of the ACPI video.ko driver.
179 acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
180 acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
182 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled to produce any ACPI
183 debug output. Bits in debug_layer correspond to a
184 _COMPONENT in an ACPI source file, e.g.,
185 #define _COMPONENT ACPI_PCI_COMPONENT
186 Bits in debug_level correspond to a level in
187 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT statements, e.g.,
188 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, ...
189 The debug_level mask defaults to "info". See
190 Documentation/acpi/debug.txt for more information about
191 debug layers and levels.
193 Enable processor driver info messages:
194 acpi.debug_layer=0x20000000
195 Enable PCI/PCI interrupt routing info messages:
196 acpi.debug_layer=0x400000
197 Enable AML "Debug" output, i.e., stores to the Debug
198 object while interpreting AML:
199 acpi.debug_layer=0xffffffff acpi.debug_level=0x2
200 Enable all messages related to ACPI hardware:
201 acpi.debug_layer=0x2 acpi.debug_level=0xffffffff
203 Some values produce so much output that the system is
204 unusable. The "log_buf_len" parameter may be useful
205 if you need to capture more output.
207 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
208 ACPI will balance active IRQs
211 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
212 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
215 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
216 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
218 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
220 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
222 acpi_no_auto_ssdt [HW,ACPI] Disable automatic loading of SSDT
224 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
225 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
227 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings
228 acpi_osi="string1" # add string1 -- only one string
229 acpi_osi="!string2" # remove built-in string2
230 acpi_osi= # disable all strings
233 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
234 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
235 and always returns good values.
237 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
238 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
240 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
242 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
243 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
244 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
246 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
247 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s4_nohwsig,
248 old_ordering, s4_nonvs, sci_force_enable }
249 See Documentation/power/video.txt for information on
251 s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep
252 as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.
253 s4_nohwsig prevents ACPI hardware signature from being
254 used during resume from hibernation.
255 old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS
256 control method, with respect to putting devices into
257 low power states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering
258 of _PTS is used by default).
259 nonvs prevents the kernel from saving/restoring the
260 ACPI NVS memory during suspend/hibernation and resume.
261 sci_force_enable causes the kernel to set SCI_EN directly
262 on resume from S1/S3 (which is against the ACPI spec,
263 but some broken systems don't work without it).
265 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
266 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
267 that require a timer override, but don't have HPET
269 acpi_enforce_resources= [ACPI]
270 { strict | lax | no }
271 Check for resource conflicts between native drivers
272 and ACPI OperationRegions (SystemIO and SystemMemory
273 only). IO ports and memory declared in ACPI might be
274 used by the ACPI subsystem in arbitrary AML code and
275 can interfere with legacy drivers.
276 strict (default): access to resources claimed by ACPI
277 is denied; legacy drivers trying to access reserved
278 resources will fail to bind to device using them.
279 lax: access to resources claimed by ACPI is allowed;
280 legacy drivers trying to access reserved resources
281 will bind successfully but a warning message is logged.
282 no: ACPI OperationRegions are not marked as reserved,
283 no further checks are performed.
285 add_efi_memmap [EFI; X86] Include EFI memory map in
286 kernel's map of available physical RAM.
289 { off | try_unsupported }
290 off: disable AGP support
291 try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets
292 (may crash computer or cause data corruption)
295 See Documentation/sound/alsa/alsa-parameters.txt
298 Allow the default userspace alignment fault handler
299 behaviour to be specified. Bit 0 enables warnings,
300 bit 1 enables fixups, and bit 2 sends a segfault.
302 amd_iommu= [HW,X86-84]
303 Pass parameters to the AMD IOMMU driver in the system.
305 fullflush - enable flushing of IO/TLB entries when
306 they are unmapped. Otherwise they are
307 flushed before they will be reused, which
309 off - do not initialize any AMD IOMMU found in
312 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
313 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
315 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
317 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
318 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
319 connected to one of 16 gameports
320 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
323 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
325 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
326 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
327 APC and your system crashes randomly.
329 apic= [APIC,X86-32] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
330 Change the output verbosity whilst booting
331 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
332 Change the amount of debugging information output
333 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
336 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
338 show_lapic= [APIC,X86] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
339 Limit apic dumping. The parameter defines the maximal
340 number of local apics being dumped. Also it is possible
341 to set it to "all" by meaning -- no limit here.
342 Format: { 1 (default) | 2 | ... | all }.
343 The parameter valid if only apic=debug or
344 apic=verbose is specified.
345 Example: apic=debug show_lapic=all
347 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
348 See header of arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c.
350 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
351 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
355 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
357 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
358 EzKey and similar keyboards
360 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
362 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
363 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
365 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
368 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
369 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
371 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
372 Use software keyboard repeat
376 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
379 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
381 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
383 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
384 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
385 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
386 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
388 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
389 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
390 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
391 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
393 boot_delay= Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot.
394 Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to
398 bootmem_debug [KNL] Enable bootmem allocator debug messages.
400 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
401 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
403 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
404 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
406 bulk_remove=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries
407 firmware feature for flushing multiple hpte entries
410 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
412 cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
413 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
414 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
415 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
416 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
417 This option provides an override for these situations.
420 [SECURITY] Disable capabilities. This would normally
421 be used only if an alternative security model is to be
422 configured. Potentially dangerous and should only be
423 used if you are entirely sure of the consequences.
425 ccw_timeout_log [S390]
426 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
428 cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a particular controller
429 Format: {name of the controller(s) to disable}
430 {Currently supported controllers - "memory"}
432 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
433 Format: { "0" | "1" }
434 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
435 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
436 any implied execute protection).
437 1 -- check protection requested by application.
438 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
439 Value can be changed at runtime via
440 /selinux/checkreqprot.
443 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
445 clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
447 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
448 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
449 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
450 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
452 clocksource= Override the default clocksource
454 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
455 with the name specified.
456 Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on
458 [all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource)
460 [ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2,
461 pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1
463 [X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc;
464 scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440
472 clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86]
473 Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See
474 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h for the valid bit
475 numbers. Note the Linux specific bits are not necessarily
476 stable over kernel options, but the vendor specific
478 Also note that user programs calling CPUID directly
479 or using the feature without checking anything
480 will still see it. This just prevents it from
481 being used by the kernel or shown in /proc/cpuinfo.
482 Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable
485 cmo_free_hint= [PPC] Format: { yes | no }
486 Specify whether pages are marked as being inactive
487 when they are freed. This is used in CMO environments
488 to determine OS memory pressure for page stealing by
492 code_bytes [X86] How many bytes of object code to print
497 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
499 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
501 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
505 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
506 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
508 condev= [HW,S390] console device
511 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
513 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
517 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
518 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
519 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
520 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
521 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
523 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
525 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
528 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
529 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
530 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
531 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
532 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
533 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
535 If the device connected to the port is not a TTY but a braille
536 device, prepend "brl," before the device type, for instance
538 For now, only VisioBraille is supported.
540 consoleblank= [KNL] The console blank (screen saver) timeout in
541 seconds. Defaults to 10*60 = 10mins. A value of 0
542 disables the blank timer.
545 [KNL] Change the default value for
546 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter.
547 See also Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt.
549 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
551 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
553 crashkernel=size[KMG][@offset[KMG]]
554 [KNL] Using kexec, Linux can switch to a 'crash kernel'
555 upon panic. This parameter reserves the physical
556 memory region [offset, offset + size] for that kernel
557 image. If '@offset' is omitted, then a suitable offset
558 is selected automatically. Check
559 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for further details.
561 crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2,...][@offset]
562 [KNL] Same as above, but depends on the memory
563 in the running system. The syntax of range is
564 start-[end] where start and end are both
565 a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also
566 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for an example.
571 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
572 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
575 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
577 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
578 (one device per port)
579 Format: <port#>,<type>
580 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
582 ddebug_query= [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG] Enable debug messages at early boot
583 time. See Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt for
586 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
589 [KNL] verbose self-tests
591 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
593 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
594 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
595 only useful to kernel developers.
597 debug_objects [KNL] Enable object debugging
600 [KNL] Disable object debugging
602 debugpat [X86] Enable PAT debugging
604 decnet.addr= [HW,NET]
605 Format: <area>[,<node>]
606 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
609 [same as hugepagesz=] The size of the default
610 HugeTLB page size. This is the size represented by
611 the legacy /proc/ hugepages APIs, used for SHM, and
612 default size when mounting hugetlbfs filesystems.
613 Defaults to the default architecture's huge page size
617 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
620 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
622 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
623 See drivers/char/README.epca and
624 Documentation/serial/digiepca.txt.
627 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
629 disable_ddw [PPC/PSERIES]
630 Disable Dynamic DMA Window support. Use this if
631 to workaround buggy firmware.
634 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
636 disable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
637 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
638 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
639 entry later. This parameter disables that.
641 disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD only]
642 By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable
643 memory out of your available memory pool based on
644 MTRR settings. This parameter disables that behavior,
645 possibly causing your machine to run very slowly.
647 disable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
648 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
649 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
651 dma_debug=off If the kernel is compiled with DMA_API_DEBUG support,
652 this option disables the debugging code at boot.
654 dma_debug_entries=<number>
655 This option allows to tune the number of preallocated
656 entries for DMA-API debugging code. One entry is
657 required per DMA-API allocation. Use this if the
658 DMA-API debugging code disables itself because the
659 architectural default is too low.
661 dma_debug_driver=<driver_name>
662 With this option the DMA-API debugging driver
663 filter feature can be enabled at boot time. Just
664 pass the driver to filter for as the parameter.
665 The filter can be disabled or changed to another
666 driver later using sysfs.
670 earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options.
671 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
672 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
673 uart[8250],mmio32,<addr>[,options]
674 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
675 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address.
676 MMIO inter-register address stride is either 8bit (mmio)
678 The options are the same as for ttyS, above.
680 earlyprintk= [X86,SH,BLACKFIN]
682 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
683 earlyprintk=ttySn[,baudrate]
684 earlyprintk=dbgp[debugController#]
686 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
689 Only vga or serial or usb debug port at a time.
691 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
693 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
696 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
699 ekgdboc= [X86,KGDB] Allow early kernel console debugging
702 This is designed to be used in conjunction with
703 the boot argument: earlyprintk=vga
706 Format: {"off" | "on" | "skip[mbr]"}
708 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
709 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
712 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
713 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
716 Format: {"cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
717 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
718 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
720 elfcorehdr= [IA64,PPC,SH,X86]
721 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
722 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
723 pass this option to capture kernel.
724 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
726 enable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
727 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
728 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
729 entry later. This parameter enables that.
731 enable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
732 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
733 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
734 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
735 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
737 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
739 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
740 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
741 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
743 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
746 Disable Error Record Serialization Table (ERST)
749 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
750 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
751 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
755 fail_make_request=[KNL]
756 General fault injection mechanism.
757 Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
758 See also /Documentation/fault-injection/.
761 See Documentation/blockdev/floppy.txt.
763 force_pal_cache_flush
764 [IA-64] Avoid check_sal_cache_flush which may hang on
765 buggy SAL_CACHE_FLUSH implementations. Using this
766 parameter will force ia64_sal_cache_flush to call
767 ia64_pal_cache_flush instead of SAL_CACHE_FLUSH.
770 [FTRACE] will set and start the specified tracer
771 as early as possible in order to facilitate early
774 ftrace_dump_on_oops[=orig_cpu]
775 [FTRACE] will dump the trace buffers on oops.
776 If no parameter is passed, ftrace will dump
777 buffers of all CPUs, but if you pass orig_cpu, it will
778 dump only the buffer of the CPU that triggered the
781 ftrace_filter=[function-list]
782 [FTRACE] Limit the functions traced by the function
783 tracer at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
784 list of functions. This list can be changed at run
785 time by the set_ftrace_filter file in the debugfs
788 ftrace_notrace=[function-list]
789 [FTRACE] Do not trace the functions specified in
790 function-list. This list can be changed at run time
791 by the set_ftrace_notrace file in the debugfs
794 ftrace_graph_filter=[function-list]
795 [FTRACE] Limit the top level callers functions traced
796 by the function graph tracer at boot up.
797 function-list is a comma separated list of functions
798 that can be changed at run time by the
799 set_graph_function file in the debugfs tracing directory.
802 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
803 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
804 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
805 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
809 gart_fix_e820= [X86_64] disable the fix e820 for K8 GART
813 gcov_persist= [GCOV] When non-zero (default), profiling data for
814 kernel modules is saved and remains accessible via
815 debugfs, even when the module is unloaded/reloaded.
816 When zero, profiling data is discarded and associated
817 debugfs files are removed at module unload time.
819 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
820 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
822 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
823 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
824 for 64bit NUMA, off otherwise.
825 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
827 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
829 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
830 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
833 Disable Hardware Error Source Table (HEST) support;
834 corresponding firmware-first mode error processing
835 logic will be disabled.
837 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
838 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
839 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
840 size on bigger boxes.
842 highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
843 Valid parameters: "on", "off"
847 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
851 hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage
852 Format: { enable (default) | disable | force |
854 disable: disable HPET and use PIT instead
855 force: allow force enabled of undocumented chips (ICH4,
857 verbose: show contents of HPET registers during setup
859 hugepages= [HW,X86-32,IA-64] HugeTLB pages to allocate at boot.
860 hugepagesz= [HW,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] The size of the HugeTLB pages.
861 On x86-64 and powerpc, this option can be specified
862 multiple times interleaved with hugepages= to reserve
863 huge pages of different sizes. Valid pages sizes on
864 x86-64 are 2M (when the CPU supports "pse") and 1G
865 (when the CPU supports the "pdpe1gb" cpuinfo flag)
866 Note that 1GB pages can only be allocated at boot time
867 using hugepages= and not freed afterwards.
869 hvc_iucv= [S390] Number of z/VM IUCV hypervisor console (HVC)
870 terminal devices. Valid values: 0..8
871 hvc_iucv_allow= [S390] Comma-separated list of z/VM user IDs.
872 If specified, z/VM IUCV HVC accepts connections
873 from listed z/VM user IDs only.
876 Do not unregister boot console at start. This is only
877 useful for debugging when something happens in the window
878 between unregistering the boot console and initializing
881 i2c_bus= [HW] Override the default board specific I2C bus speed
882 or register an additional I2C bus that is not
883 registered from board initialization code.
887 i8042.debug [HW] Toggle i8042 debug mode
888 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
889 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
890 keyboard and cannot control its state
891 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
892 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
893 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
894 i8042.noloop [HW] Disable the AUX Loopback command while probing
896 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
898 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
900 i8042.notimeout [HW] Ignore timeout condition signalled by conroller
901 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
902 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
906 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
907 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
909 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
910 does not match list of supported models.
912 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
913 (disabled by default)
914 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
918 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
920 ide-core.nodma= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
921 Format: =0.0 to prevent dma on hda, =0.1 hdb =1.0 hdc
922 .vlb_clock .pci_clock .noflush .nohpa .noprobe .nowerr
923 .cdrom .chs .ignore_cable are additional options
924 See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
926 ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
927 Claim all unknown PCI IDE storage controllers.
930 Format: idle=poll, idle=mwait, idle=halt, idle=nomwait
931 Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly
932 improve the performance of waking up a idle CPU, but
933 will use a lot of power and make the system run hot.
935 idle=mwait: On systems which support MONITOR/MWAIT but
936 the kernel chose to not use it because it doesn't save
937 as much power as a normal idle loop, use the
938 MONITOR/MWAIT idle loop anyways. Performance should be
939 the same as idle=poll.
940 idle=halt: Halt is forced to be used for CPU idle.
941 In such case C2/C3 won't be used again.
942 idle=nomwait: Disable mwait for CPU C-states
944 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
945 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
946 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
949 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
952 Format: { "0" | "1" }
953 0 -- integrity auditing messages. (Default)
954 1 -- enable informational integrity auditing messages.
957 Format: { "sha1" | "md5" }
961 Load a policy which meets the needs of the Trusted
962 Computing Base. This means IMA will measure all
963 programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files
964 opened for read by uid=0.
968 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
971 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
972 for working out where the kernel is dying during
975 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
977 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
980 intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option
982 Enable intel iommu driver.
984 Disable intel iommu driver.
985 igfx_off [Default Off]
986 By default, gfx is mapped as normal device. If a gfx
987 device has a dedicated DMAR unit, the DMAR unit is
988 bypassed by not enabling DMAR with this option. In
989 this case, gfx device will use physical address for
992 With this option iommu will not optimize to look
993 for io virtual address below 32 bit forcing dual
994 address cycle on pci bus for cards supporting greater
995 than 32 bit addressing. The default is to look
996 for translation below 32 bit and if not available
997 then look in the higher range.
999 With this option on every unmap_single operation will
1000 result in a hardware IOTLB flush operation as opposed
1001 to batching them for performance.
1002 sp_off [Default Off]
1003 By default, super page will be supported if Intel IOMMU
1004 has the capability. With this option, super page will
1006 intremap= [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU]
1007 Format: { on (default) | off | nosid }
1008 on enable Interrupt Remapping (default)
1009 off disable Interrupt Remapping
1010 nosid disable Source ID checking
1014 iomem= Disable strict checking of access to MMIO memory
1015 strict regions from userspace.
1031 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
1032 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
1033 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
1035 io_delay= [X86] I/O delay method
1037 Standard port 0x80 based delay
1039 Alternate port 0xed based delay (needed on some systems)
1041 Simple two microseconds delay
1046 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
1048 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
1049 See comment before ip2_setup() in
1050 drivers/char/ip2/ip2base.c.
1053 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
1054 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
1058 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
1059 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
1060 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
1064 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
1066 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
1068 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
1070 <cpu number>-<cpu number>
1071 (must be a positive range in ascending order)
1073 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
1075 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
1076 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
1077 algorithms. You can move a process onto or off an
1078 "isolated" CPU via the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset.
1079 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
1080 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
1082 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
1083 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
1084 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
1085 suboptimal load balancer performance.
1089 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
1090 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
1094 kernelcore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
1095 specifies the amount of memory usable by the kernel
1096 for non-movable allocations. The requested amount is
1097 spread evenly throughout all nodes in the system. The
1098 remaining memory in each node is used for Movable
1099 pages. In the event, a node is too small to have both
1100 kernelcore and Movable pages, kernelcore pages will
1101 take priority and other nodes will have a larger number
1102 of kernelcore pages. The Movable zone is used for the
1103 allocation of pages that may be reclaimed or moved
1104 by the page migration subsystem. This means that
1105 HugeTLB pages may not be allocated from this zone.
1106 Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem still
1107 use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal
1108 zone if it does not.
1110 kgdbdbgp= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over EHCI usb debug port.
1111 Format: <Controller#>[,poll interval]
1112 The controller # is the number of the ehci usb debug
1113 port as it is probed via PCI. The poll interval is
1114 optional and is the number seconds in between
1115 each poll cycle to the debug port in case you need
1116 the functionality for interrupting the kernel with
1117 gdb or control-c on the dbgp connection. When
1118 not using this parameter you use sysrq-g to break into
1119 the kernel debugger.
1121 kgdboc= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over consoles.
1122 Requires a tty driver that supports console polling,
1123 or a supported polling keyboard driver (non-usb).
1124 Serial only format: <serial_device>[,baud]
1125 keyboard only format: kbd
1126 keyboard and serial format: kbd,<serial_device>[,baud]
1127 Optional Kernel mode setting:
1128 kms, kbd format: kms,kbd
1129 kms, kbd and serial format: kms,kbd,<ser_dev>[,baud]
1131 kgdbwait [KGDB] Stop kernel execution and enter the
1132 kernel debugger at the earliest opportunity.
1134 kmac= [MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address.
1135 Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip
1136 Ethernet adapter MAC address.
1138 kmemleak= [KNL] Boot-time kmemleak enable/disable
1139 Valid arguments: on, off
1142 kstack=N [X86] Print N words from the kernel stack
1145 kvm.ignore_msrs=[KVM] Ignore guest accesses to unhandled MSRs.
1146 Default is 0 (don't ignore, but inject #GP)
1148 kvm.oos_shadow= [KVM] Disable out-of-sync shadow paging.
1149 Default is 1 (enabled)
1151 kvm.mmu_audit= [KVM] This is a R/W parameter which allows audit
1155 kvm-amd.nested= [KVM,AMD] Allow nested virtualization in KVM/SVM.
1156 Default is 1 (enabled)
1158 kvm-amd.npt= [KVM,AMD] Disable nested paging (virtualized MMU)
1160 Default is 1 (enabled) if in 64bit or 32bit-PAE mode
1162 kvm-intel.bypass_guest_pf=
1163 [KVM,Intel] Disables bypassing of guest page faults
1164 on Intel chips. Default is 1 (enabled)
1166 kvm-intel.ept= [KVM,Intel] Disable extended page tables
1167 (virtualized MMU) support on capable Intel chips.
1168 Default is 1 (enabled)
1170 kvm-intel.emulate_invalid_guest_state=
1171 [KVM,Intel] Enable emulation of invalid guest states
1172 Default is 0 (disabled)
1174 kvm-intel.flexpriority=
1175 [KVM,Intel] Disable FlexPriority feature (TPR shadow).
1176 Default is 1 (enabled)
1178 kvm-intel.unrestricted_guest=
1179 [KVM,Intel] Disable unrestricted guest feature
1180 (virtualized real and unpaged mode) on capable
1181 Intel chips. Default is 1 (enabled)
1183 kvm-intel.vpid= [KVM,Intel] Disable Virtual Processor Identification
1184 feature (tagged TLBs) on capable Intel chips.
1185 Default is 1 (enabled)
1191 lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
1194 lapic_timer_c2_ok [X86,APIC] trust the local apic timer
1197 libata.dma= [LIBATA] DMA control
1198 libata.dma=0 Disable all PATA and SATA DMA
1199 libata.dma=1 PATA and SATA Disk DMA only
1200 libata.dma=2 ATAPI (CDROM) DMA only
1201 libata.dma=4 Compact Flash DMA only
1202 Combinations also work, so libata.dma=3 enables DMA
1203 for disks and CDROMs, but not CFs.
1205 libata.ignore_hpa= [LIBATA] Ignore HPA limit
1206 libata.ignore_hpa=0 keep BIOS limits (default)
1207 libata.ignore_hpa=1 ignore limits, using full disk
1209 libata.noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
1213 libata.force= [LIBATA] Force configurations. The format is comma
1214 separated list of "[ID:]VAL" where ID is
1215 PORT[.DEVICE]. PORT and DEVICE are decimal numbers
1216 matching port, link or device. Basically, it matches
1217 the ATA ID string printed on console by libata. If
1218 the whole ID part is omitted, the last PORT and DEVICE
1219 values are used. If ID hasn't been specified yet, the
1220 configuration applies to all ports, links and devices.
1222 If only DEVICE is omitted, the parameter applies to
1223 the port and all links and devices behind it. DEVICE
1224 number of 0 either selects the first device or the
1225 first fan-out link behind PMP device. It does not
1226 select the host link. DEVICE number of 15 selects the
1227 host link and device attached to it.
1229 The VAL specifies the configuration to force. As long
1230 as there's no ambiguity shortcut notation is allowed.
1231 For example, both 1.5 and 1.5G would work for 1.5Gbps.
1232 The following configurations can be forced.
1234 * Cable type: 40c, 80c, short40c, unk, ign or sata.
1235 Any ID with matching PORT is used.
1237 * SATA link speed limit: 1.5Gbps or 3.0Gbps.
1239 * Transfer mode: pio[0-7], mwdma[0-4] and udma[0-7].
1240 udma[/][16,25,33,44,66,100,133] notation is also
1243 * [no]ncq: Turn on or off NCQ.
1245 * nohrst, nosrst, norst: suppress hard, soft
1248 * dump_id: dump IDENTIFY data.
1250 If there are multiple matching configurations changing
1251 the same attribute, the last one is used.
1253 memblock=debug [KNL] Enable memblock debug messages.
1255 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
1256 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
1258 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
1261 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
1264 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
1267 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
1270 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
1273 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
1274 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
1275 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
1276 loglevels are defined as follows:
1278 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
1279 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
1280 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
1281 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
1282 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
1283 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
1284 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
1285 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
1287 log_buf_len=n[KMG] Sets the size of the printk ring buffer,
1288 in bytes. n must be a power of two. The default
1289 size is set in the kernel config file.
1291 logo.nologo [FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo.
1292 This may be used to provide more screen space for
1293 kernel log messages and is useful when debugging
1294 kernel boot problems.
1296 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
1297 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
1298 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
1299 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
1300 specified in addition to the ports) causes
1301 attached printers to be reset. Using
1302 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
1303 to associate lp devices with, starting with
1304 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
1305 that lp device, or a parport name such as
1306 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
1307 port specification list means that device IDs
1308 from each port should be examined, to see if
1309 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
1310 so, the driver will manage that printer.
1311 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
1314 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
1315 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
1316 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
1317 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
1318 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
1319 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
1320 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
1321 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
1322 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
1323 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
1324 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
1328 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1330 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
1331 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
1332 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
1334 machtype= [Loongson] Share the same kernel image file between different
1336 Example: machtype=lemote-yeeloong-2f-7inch
1338 max_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater
1339 than or equal to this physical address is ignored.
1341 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
1342 should make use of. maxcpus=n : n >= 0 limits the
1343 kernel to using 'n' processors. n=0 is a special case,
1344 it is equivalent to "nosmp", which also disables
1347 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
1353 mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1355 mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt
1357 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
1358 See Documentation/md.txt.
1361 Format: <first>,<last>
1362 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
1364 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
1365 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
1366 to see the whole system memory or for test.
1367 [X86-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
1368 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
1369 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
1371 mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
1375 [KNL,SH] Allow user to override the default size for
1376 per-device physically contiguous DMA buffers.
1378 memmap=exactmap [KNL,X86] Enable setting of an exact
1379 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
1380 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
1381 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
1384 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
1385 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
1386 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1388 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
1389 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
1390 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1392 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
1393 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
1394 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1395 Example: Exclude memory from 0x18690000-0x1869ffff
1396 memmap=64K$0x18690000
1398 memmap=0x10000$0x18690000
1400 memory_corruption_check=0/1 [X86]
1401 Some BIOSes seem to corrupt the first 64k of
1402 memory when doing things like suspend/resume.
1403 Setting this option will scan the memory
1404 looking for corruption. Enabling this will
1405 both detect corruption and prevent the kernel
1406 from using the memory being corrupted.
1407 However, its intended as a diagnostic tool; if
1408 repeatable BIOS-originated corruption always
1409 affects the same memory, you can use memmap=
1410 to prevent the kernel from using that memory.
1412 memory_corruption_check_size=size [X86]
1413 By default it checks for corruption in the low
1414 64k, making this memory unavailable for normal
1415 use. Use this parameter to scan for
1416 corruption in more or less memory.
1418 memory_corruption_check_period=seconds [X86]
1419 By default it checks for corruption every 60
1420 seconds. Use this parameter to check at some
1421 other rate. 0 disables periodic checking.
1423 memtest= [KNL,X86] Enable memtest
1425 default : 0 <disable>
1426 Specifies the number of memtest passes to be
1427 performed. Each pass selects another test
1428 pattern from a given set of patterns. Memtest
1429 fills the memory with this pattern, validates
1430 memory contents and reserves bad memory
1431 regions that are detected.
1433 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
1434 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
1436 mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the
1437 Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode
1440 mfgptfix [X86-32] Fix MFGPT timers on AMD Geode platforms when
1441 the BIOS has incorrectly applied a workaround. TinyBIOS
1442 version 0.98 is known to be affected, 0.99 fixes the
1443 problem by letting the user disable the workaround.
1447 min_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory below this
1448 physical address is ignored.
1450 mini2440= [ARM,HW,KNL]
1451 Format:[0..2][b][c][t]
1453 MINI2440 configuration specification:
1454 0 - The attached screen is the 3.5" TFT
1455 1 - The attached screen is the 7" TFT
1456 2 - The VGA Shield is attached (1024x768)
1457 Leaving out the screen size parameter will not load
1458 the TFT driver, and the framebuffer will be left
1460 b - Enable backlight. The TFT backlight pin will be
1461 linked to the kernel VESA blanking code and a GPIO
1462 LED. This parameter is not necessary when using the
1464 c - Enable the s3c camera interface.
1465 t - Reserved for enabling touchscreen support. The
1466 touchscreen support is not enabled in the mainstream
1467 kernel as of 2.6.30, a preliminary port can be found
1468 in the "bleeding edge" mini2440 support kernel at
1469 http://repo.or.cz/w/linux-2.6/mini2440.git
1472 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMORY_INIT is set, this
1473 parameter allows control of the logging verbosity for
1474 the additional memory initialisation checks. A value
1475 of 0 disables mminit logging and a level of 4 will
1476 log everything. Information is printed at KERN_DEBUG
1477 so loglevel=8 may also need to be specified.
1480 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
1481 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
1482 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
1483 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
1485 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
1486 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1487 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
1488 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1490 movablecore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
1491 is similar to kernelcore except it specifies the
1492 amount of memory used for migratable allocations.
1493 If both kernelcore and movablecore is specified,
1494 then kernelcore will be at *least* the specified
1495 value but may be more. If movablecore on its own
1496 is specified, the administrator must be careful
1497 that the amount of memory usable for all allocations
1500 MTD_Partition= [MTD]
1501 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
1503 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
1504 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
1507 See drivers/mtd/cmdlinepart.c.
1509 multitce=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries
1510 firmware feature for updating multiple TCE entries
1513 onenand.bdry= [HW,MTD] Flex-OneNAND Boundary Configuration
1515 Format: [die0_boundary][,die0_lock][,die1_boundary][,die1_lock]
1517 boundary - index of last SLC block on Flex-OneNAND.
1518 The remaining blocks are configured as MLC blocks.
1519 lock - Configure if Flex-OneNAND boundary should be locked.
1520 Once locked, the boundary cannot be changed.
1521 1 indicates lock status, 0 indicates unlock status.
1524 ARM/S3C2412 JIVE boot control
1526 See arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/mach-jive.c
1528 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
1529 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
1530 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
1532 mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
1533 used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continuous chunk
1534 that could hold holes aka. UC entries.
1536 mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
1537 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is granularity of mtrr block.
1539 Large value could prevent small alignment from
1542 mtrr_spare_reg_nr=n [X86]
1544 Range: 0,7 : spare reg number
1546 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is spare mtrr entries number.
1547 Set to 2 or more if your graphical card needs more.
1549 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
1551 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
1552 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
1553 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
1554 something different and driver-specific.
1555 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1559 [NETFILTER] Enable connection tracking flow accounting
1560 0 to disable accounting
1561 1 to enable accounting
1564 nfsaddrs= [NFS] Deprecated. Use ip= instead.
1565 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
1567 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1568 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
1570 nfsrootdebug [NFS] enable nfsroot debugging messages.
1571 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
1573 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1574 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1575 channel should listen.
1578 [NFS] sets the pathname to the program which is used
1579 to update the NFS client cache entries.
1581 nfs.cache_getent_timeout=
1582 [NFS] sets the timeout after which an attempt to
1583 update a cache entry is deemed to have failed.
1585 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1586 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1590 [NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers.
1591 If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode
1592 number for the readdir() and stat() syscalls instead
1593 of returning the full 64-bit number.
1594 The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers.
1596 nfs.nfs4_disable_idmapping=
1597 [NFSv4] When set, this option disables the NFSv4
1598 idmapper on the client, but only if the mount
1599 is using the 'sec=sys' security flavour. This may
1600 make migration from legacy NFSv2/v3 systems easier
1601 provided that the server has the appropriate support.
1602 The default is to always enable NFSv4 idmapping.
1604 nmi_debug= [KNL,AVR32,SH] Specify one or more actions to take
1605 when a NMI is triggered.
1606 Format: [state][,regs][,debounce][,die]
1608 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=X86] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1609 Format: [panic,][nopanic,][num]
1611 0 - turn nmi_watchdog off
1612 When panic is specified, panic when an NMI watchdog
1613 timeout occurs (or 'nopanic' to override the opposite
1615 This is useful when you use a panic=... timeout and
1616 need the box quickly up again.
1618 netpoll.carrier_timeout=
1619 [NET] Specifies amount of time (in seconds) that
1620 netpoll should wait for a carrier. By default netpoll
1623 no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1624 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1628 [HW] Never suspend the console
1629 Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and
1630 hibernate operations. Once disabled, debugging
1631 messages can reach various consoles while the rest
1632 of the system is being put to sleep (ie, while
1633 debugging driver suspend/resume hooks). This may
1634 not work reliably with all consoles, but is known
1635 to work with serial and VGA consoles.
1637 noaliencache [MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien
1638 caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory,
1639 but will impact performance.
1643 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1644 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1646 noautogroup Disable scheduler automatic task group creation.
1648 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1649 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1653 noclflush [BUGS=X86] Don't use the CLFLUSH instruction
1655 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1657 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1659 nodsp [SH] Disable hardware DSP at boot time.
1661 noefi [X86] Disable EFI runtime services support.
1666 On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels.
1667 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1668 noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings
1671 This affects only 32-bit executables.
1672 noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1673 read doesn't imply executable mappings
1674 noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings
1675 read implies executable mappings
1677 nofpu [SH] Disable hardware FPU at boot time.
1679 nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1680 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1681 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1683 noxsave [BUGS=X86] Disables x86 extended register state save
1684 and restore using xsave. The kernel will fallback to
1685 enabling legacy floating-point and sse state.
1687 nohlt [BUGS=ARM,SH] Tells the kernel that the sleep(SH) or
1688 wfi(ARM) instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1689 use it. This is also useful when using JTAG debugger.
1691 no-hlt [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1692 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1695 no_file_caps Tells the kernel not to honor file capabilities. The
1696 only way then for a file to be executed with privilege
1697 is to be setuid root or executed by root.
1699 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1700 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1701 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1702 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1703 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1706 nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
1707 Valid arguments: on, off
1710 noiotrap [SH] Disables trapped I/O port accesses.
1712 noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1713 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1715 no_timer_check [X86,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
1716 broken timer IRQ sources.
1718 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1720 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1723 nointremap [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] Do not enable interrupt
1725 [Deprecated - use intremap=off]
1729 nojitter [IA64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
1731 no-kvmclock [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized KVM clock driver
1733 no-kvmapf [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized asynchronous page
1736 nolapic [X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1738 nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
1740 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1741 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1743 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1745 nomce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1747 nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose
1748 Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines).
1750 nopat [X86] Disable PAT (page attribute table extension of
1751 pagetables) support.
1753 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization. Equivalent to
1754 echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1756 noreplace-paravirt [X86,IA-64,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops
1758 noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
1759 with UP alternatives
1761 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1763 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1766 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1767 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1768 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1772 nosep [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1774 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel,
1775 and disable the IO APIC. legacy for "maxcpus=0".
1777 nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector.
1779 noswapaccount [KNL] Disable accounting of swap in memory resource
1780 controller. (See Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt)
1782 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1784 notsc [BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1786 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1788 nowatchdog [KNL] Disable the lockup detector (NMI watchdog).
1792 nox2apic [X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode.
1794 nptcg= [IA64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB
1795 purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or
1798 nr_cpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
1799 could support. nr_cpus=n : n >= 1 limits the kernel to
1800 supporting 'n' processors. Later in runtime you can not
1801 use hotplug cpu feature to put more cpu back to online.
1802 just like you compile the kernel NR_CPUS=n
1804 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1806 numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA.
1807 one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified
1808 This can be set from sysctl after boot.
1809 See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details.
1811 ohci1394_dma=early [HW] enable debugging via the ohci1394 driver.
1812 See Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt for more
1815 olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands
1816 Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC
1817 command is not properly ACKed, override the length
1818 of the timeout. We have interrupts disabled while
1819 waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high
1820 interrupts *may* be lost!
1822 omap_mux= [OMAP] Override bootloader pin multiplexing.
1823 Format: <mux_mode0.mode_name=value>...
1824 For example, to override I2C bus2:
1825 omap_mux=i2c2_scl.i2c2_scl=0x100,i2c2_sda.i2c2_sda=0x100
1827 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1828 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1830 oprofile.cpu_type= Force an oprofile cpu type
1831 This might be useful if you have an older oprofile
1832 userland or if you want common events.
1833 Format: { arch_perfmon }
1834 arch_perfmon: [X86] Force use of architectural
1835 perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the
1836 CPU specific event set.
1838 oops=panic Always panic on oopses. Default is to just kill the
1839 process, but there is a small probability of
1840 deadlocking the machine.
1841 This will also cause panics on machine check exceptions.
1842 Useful together with panic=30 to trigger a reboot.
1845 See Documentation/sound/oss/oss-parameters.txt
1847 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic: delay <timeout>
1848 seconds before rebooting
1851 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1852 connected to, default is 0.
1854 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1855 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1858 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1859 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1860 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1861 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1862 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1863 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1864 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1865 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1866 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1867 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1868 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1869 are specified on the command line, starting
1872 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1873 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1874 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1875 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1876 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1877 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1878 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1881 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1882 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1883 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1888 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1889 See also Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
1891 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1892 earlydump [X86] dump PCI config space before the kernel
1894 off [X86] don't probe for the PCI bus
1895 bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1896 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1897 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1898 nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1899 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1900 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1901 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1902 conf1 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
1904 conf2 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
1906 noaer [PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is
1907 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1908 disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting.
1909 nodomains [PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI
1910 root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
1911 nommconf [X86] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1913 check_enable_amd_mmconf [X86] check for and enable
1914 properly configured MMIO access to PCI
1915 config space on AMD family 10h CPU
1916 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1917 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1918 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1919 noioapicquirk [APIC] Disable all boot interrupt quirks.
1920 Safety option to keep boot IRQs enabled. This
1921 should never be necessary.
1922 ioapicreroute [APIC] Enable rerouting of boot IRQs to the
1923 primary IO-APIC for bridges that cannot disable
1924 boot IRQs. This fixes a source of spurious IRQs
1925 when the system masks IRQs.
1926 noioapicreroute [APIC] Disable workaround that uses the
1927 boot IRQ equivalent of an IRQ that connects to
1928 a chipset where boot IRQs cannot be disabled.
1929 The opposite of ioapicreroute.
1930 biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1931 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1932 on several machines and they hang the machine
1933 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1934 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1935 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1936 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1938 rom [X86] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1939 Use with caution as certain devices share
1940 address decoders between ROMs and other
1942 norom [X86] Do not assign address space to
1943 expansion ROMs that do not already have
1944 BIOS assigned address ranges.
1945 nobar [X86] Do not assign address space to the
1946 BARs that weren't assigned by the BIOS.
1947 irqmask=0xMMMM [X86] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1948 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1949 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1951 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86] Specify the physical address
1952 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1953 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1954 F0000h-100000h range.
1955 lastbus=N [X86] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1956 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1957 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1958 explicitly which ones they are.
1959 assign-busses [X86] Always assign all PCI bus
1960 numbers ourselves, overriding
1961 whatever the firmware may have done.
1962 usepirqmask [X86] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1963 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1964 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1965 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1966 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1967 IRQ routing is enabled.
1968 noacpi [X86] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1969 or for PCI scanning.
1970 use_crs [X86] Use PCI host bridge window information
1971 from ACPI. On BIOSes from 2008 or later, this
1972 is enabled by default. If you need to use this,
1973 please report a bug.
1974 nocrs [X86] Ignore PCI host bridge windows from ACPI.
1975 If you need to use this, please report a bug.
1976 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1977 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1978 so this option is a temporary workaround
1979 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1980 skip_isa_align [X86] do not align io start addr, so can
1981 handle more pci cards
1982 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1983 just use the configuration from the
1984 bootloader. This is currently used on
1985 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1986 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1987 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
1988 This might help on some broken boards which
1989 machine check when some devices' config space
1990 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
1991 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
1992 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1993 This sorting is done to get a device
1994 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
1995 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1996 cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1997 reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
1998 The default value is 256 bytes.
1999 cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
2000 reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
2001 window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
2004 [<order of align>@][<domain>:]<bus>:<slot>.<func>[; ...]
2005 Specifies alignment and device to reassign
2006 aligned memory resources.
2007 If <order of align> is not specified,
2008 PAGE_SIZE is used as alignment.
2009 PCI-PCI bridge can be specified, if resource
2010 windows need to be expanded.
2011 ecrc= Enable/disable PCIe ECRC (transaction layer
2012 end-to-end CRC checking).
2013 bios: Use BIOS/firmware settings. This is the
2018 pcie_aspm= [PCIE] Forcibly enable or disable PCIe Active State Power
2021 force Enable ASPM even on devices that claim not to support it.
2022 WARNING: Forcing ASPM on may cause system lockups.
2024 pcie_ports= [PCIE] PCIe ports handling:
2025 auto Ask the BIOS whether or not to use native PCIe services
2026 associated with PCIe ports (PME, hot-plug, AER). Use
2027 them only if that is allowed by the BIOS.
2028 native Use native PCIe services associated with PCIe ports
2030 compat Treat PCIe ports as PCI-to-PCI bridges, disable the PCIe
2033 pcie_pme= [PCIE,PM] Native PCIe PME signaling options:
2034 nomsi Do not use MSI for native PCIe PME signaling (this makes
2035 all PCIe root ports use INTx for all services).
2037 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
2040 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
2042 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
2045 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
2047 percpu_alloc= Select which percpu first chunk allocator to use.
2048 Currently supported values are "embed" and "page".
2049 Archs may support subset or none of the selections.
2050 See comments in mm/percpu.c for details on each
2051 allocator. This parameter is primarily for debugging
2052 and performance comparison.
2055 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
2058 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
2060 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
2061 See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
2063 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
2064 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
2065 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
2067 pmtmr= [X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port.
2068 Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value.
2072 Enable PNP debug messages. This depends on the
2073 CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG_MESSAGES option.
2079 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
2082 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
2085 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
2087 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
2088 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
2091 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
2093 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
2095 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
2097 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
2099 Format: <port>,<port>....
2101 print-fatal-signals=
2102 [KNL] debug: print fatal signals
2104 If enabled, warn about various signal handling
2105 related application anomalies: too many signals,
2106 too many POSIX.1 timers, fatal signals causing a
2109 If you hit the warning due to signal overflow,
2110 you might want to try "ulimit -i unlimited".
2114 printk.time= Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
2115 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
2117 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
2118 Limit processor to maximum C-state
2119 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
2121 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
2122 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
2123 instead using the legacy FADT method
2125 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
2126 Format: [schedule,]<number>
2127 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
2128 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
2129 statistical time based profiling.
2130 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
2131 Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
2132 Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
2134 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
2136 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
2138 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
2139 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
2140 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
2142 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
2143 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
2146 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
2147 psmouse.smartscroll=
2148 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
2149 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
2152 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
2155 [KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
2158 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
2163 See Documentation/md.txt.
2165 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
2166 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
2168 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
2169 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
2171 rcupdate.blimit= [KNL,BOOT]
2172 Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to process
2175 rcupdate.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT]
2176 Set threshold of queued
2177 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
2179 rcupdate.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT]
2180 Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which
2181 batch limiting is re-enabled.
2185 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
2186 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
2188 reboot= [BUGS=X86-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
2189 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
2190 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
2193 [KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level.
2194 See Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt.
2196 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
2198 reservetop= [X86-32]
2200 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
2205 Set the amount of memory to reserve for BIOS at
2206 the bottom of the address space.
2208 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
2209 during initialization.
2212 Specify the partition device for software suspend
2214 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
2215 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
2216 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
2217 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
2218 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
2220 hibernate= [HIBERNATION]
2221 noresume Don't check if there's a hibernation image
2222 present during boot.
2223 nocompress Don't compress/decompress hibernation images.
2225 retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
2227 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2228 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
2230 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
2231 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
2233 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
2235 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
2237 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
2238 mount the root filesystem
2240 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
2242 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
2244 rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up.
2245 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
2246 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
2248 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
2250 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
2253 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
2255 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
2257 sched_debug [KNL] Enables verbose scheduler debug messages.
2259 security= [SECURITY] Choose a security module to enable at boot.
2260 If this boot parameter is not specified, only the first
2261 security module asking for security registration will be
2262 loaded. An invalid security module name will be treated
2263 as if no module has been chosen.
2265 selinux= [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
2266 Format: { "0" | "1" }
2267 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
2270 Default value is set via kernel config option.
2271 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
2272 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
2274 apparmor= [APPARMOR] Disable or enable AppArmor at boot time
2275 Format: { "0" | "1" }
2276 See security/apparmor/Kconfig help text
2279 Default value is set via kernel config option.
2281 serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32]
2284 Maximal number of shapers.
2286 show_msr= [x86] show boot-time MSR settings
2287 Format: { <integer> }
2288 Show boot-time (BIOS-initialized) MSR settings.
2289 The parameter means the number of CPUs to show,
2290 for example 1 means boot CPU only.
2297 slub_debug[=options[,slabs]] [MM, SLUB]
2298 Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the
2299 culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling
2300 slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and
2301 may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the
2302 last alloc / free. For more information see
2303 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2305 slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
2306 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
2307 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
2308 fragmentation. For more information see
2309 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2311 slub_min_objects= [MM, SLUB]
2312 The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will
2313 increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to
2314 generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain
2315 the number of objects indicated. The higher the number
2316 of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs
2317 and the less frequently locks need to be acquired.
2318 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2320 slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB]
2321 Determines the mininum page order for slabs. Must be
2322 lower than slub_max_order.
2323 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2325 slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB]
2326 Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
2327 necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
2328 allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
2329 merging on their own.
2330 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2333 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
2335 smp-alt-once [X86-32,SMP] On a hotplug CPU system, only
2336 attempt to substitute SMP alternatives once at boot.
2338 smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
2339 smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port
2340 smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port
2341 smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port
2342 smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line
2343 smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel
2344 smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
2345 0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
2346 1: Fast pin select (default)
2350 [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics.
2353 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
2354 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
2356 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
2357 See Documentation/serial/specialix.txt.
2359 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
2365 Enabled the stack tracer on boot up.
2369 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
2370 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
2371 as the initial boot-console.
2372 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
2375 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
2378 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
2380 sunrpc.min_resvport=
2381 sunrpc.max_resvport=
2383 SunRPC servers often require that client requests
2384 originate from a privileged port (i.e. a port in the
2385 range 0 < portnr < 1024).
2386 An administrator who wishes to reserve some of these
2387 ports for other uses may adjust the range that the
2388 kernel's sunrpc client considers to be privileged
2389 using these two parameters to set the minimum and
2390 maximum port values.
2394 Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
2395 service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs
2396 you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
2397 option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
2398 Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
2399 NFS server is running.
2401 auto the server chooses an appropriate mode
2402 automatically using heuristics
2403 global a single global pool contains all CPUs
2404 percpu one pool for each CPU
2405 pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
2406 to global on non-NUMA machines)
2408 sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries=
2409 sunrpc.udp_slot_table_entries=
2411 Sets the upper limit on the number of simultaneous
2412 RPC calls that can be sent from the client to a
2413 server. Increasing these values may allow you to
2414 improve throughput, but will also increase the
2415 amount of memory reserved for use by the client.
2418 [KNL] Enable accounting of swap in memory resource
2419 controller if no parameter or 1 is given or disable
2420 it if 0 is given (See Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt)
2422 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
2426 sysfs.deprecated=0|1 [KNL]
2427 Enable/disable old style sysfs layout for old udev
2428 on older distributions. When this option is enabled
2429 very new udev will not work anymore. When this option
2430 is disabled (or CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED not compiled)
2431 in older udev will not work anymore.
2432 Default depends on CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2 set in
2433 the kernel configuration.
2435 sysrq_always_enabled
2437 Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
2438 neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
2439 Useful for debugging.
2443 test_suspend= [SUSPEND]
2444 Specify "mem" (for Suspend-to-RAM) or "standby" (for
2445 standby suspend) as the system sleep state to briefly
2446 enter during system startup. The system is woken from
2447 this state using a wakeup-capable RTC alarm.
2449 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2450 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
2452 thermal.act= [HW,ACPI]
2453 -1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones
2454 <degrees C>: override all lowest active trip points
2456 thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI]
2457 -1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones
2458 <degrees C>: override all critical trip points
2460 thermal.nocrt= [HW,ACPI]
2461 Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone
2462 critical and hot trip points.
2464 thermal.off= [HW,ACPI]
2465 1: disable ACPI thermal control
2467 thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI]
2468 -1: disable all passive trip points
2469 <degrees C>: override all passive trip points to this
2472 thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI]
2473 Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate
2474 <deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
2475 0: no polling (default)
2478 Force threading of all interrupt handlers except those
2479 marked explicitely IRQF_NO_THREAD.
2483 Specify if the kernel should make use of the cpu
2484 topology information if the hardware supports this.
2485 The scheduler will make use of this information and
2486 e.g. base its process migration decisions on it.
2491 tpm_suspend_pcr=[HW,TPM]
2492 Format: integer pcr id
2493 Specify that at suspend time, the tpm driver
2494 should extend the specified pcr with zeros,
2495 as a workaround for some chips which fail to
2496 flush the last written pcr on TPM_SaveState.
2497 This will guarantee that all the other pcrs
2500 trace_buf_size=nn[KMG]
2501 [FTRACE] will set tracing buffer size.
2503 trace_event=[event-list]
2504 [FTRACE] Set and start specified trace events in order
2505 to facilitate early boot debugging.
2506 See also Documentation/trace/events.txt
2508 tsc= Disable clocksource stability checks for TSC.
2510 [x86] reliable: mark tsc clocksource as reliable, this
2511 disables clocksource verification at runtime, as well
2512 as the stability checks done at bootup. Used to enable
2513 high-resolution timer mode on older hardware, and in
2514 virtualized environment.
2515 [x86] noirqtime: Do not use TSC to do irq accounting.
2516 Used to run time disable IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING on any
2517 platforms where RDTSC is slow and this accounting
2520 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
2521 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
2523 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
2524 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
2526 uhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2527 Set number of hash buckets for UDP/UDP-Lite connections
2530 [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
2531 Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
2532 bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
2533 anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
2534 Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
2538 [X86] Cause panic on unknown NMI.
2540 usbcore.autosuspend=
2541 [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
2542 for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
2543 is the time required before an idle device will be
2544 autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set
2545 to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all.
2547 usbcore.usbfs_snoop=
2548 [USB] Set to log all usbfs traffic (default 0 = off).
2550 usbcore.blinkenlights=
2551 [USB] Set to cycle leds on hubs (default 0 = off).
2553 usbcore.old_scheme_first=
2554 [USB] Start with the old device initialization
2555 scheme (default 0 = off).
2557 usbcore.use_both_schemes=
2558 [USB] Try the other device initialization scheme
2559 if the first one fails (default 1 = enabled).
2561 usbcore.initial_descriptor_timeout=
2562 [USB] Specifies timeout for the initial 64-byte
2563 USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR request in milliseconds
2564 (default 5000 = 5.0 seconds).
2567 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
2569 usb-storage.delay_use=
2570 [UMS] The delay in seconds before a new device is
2571 scanned for Logical Units (default 5).
2574 [UMS] A list of quirks entries to supplement or
2575 override the built-in unusual_devs list. List
2576 entries are separated by commas. Each entry has
2577 the form VID:PID:Flags where VID and PID are Vendor
2578 and Product ID values (4-digit hex numbers) and
2579 Flags is a set of characters, each corresponding
2580 to a common usb-storage quirk flag as follows:
2581 a = SANE_SENSE (collect more than 18 bytes
2583 b = BAD_SENSE (don't collect more than 18
2584 bytes of sense data);
2585 c = FIX_CAPACITY (decrease the reported
2586 device capacity by one sector);
2587 h = CAPACITY_HEURISTICS (decrease the
2588 reported device capacity by one
2589 sector if the number is odd);
2590 i = IGNORE_DEVICE (don't bind to this
2592 l = NOT_LOCKABLE (don't try to lock and
2593 unlock ejectable media);
2594 m = MAX_SECTORS_64 (don't transfer more
2595 than 64 sectors = 32 KB at a time);
2596 o = CAPACITY_OK (accept the capacity
2597 reported by the device);
2598 r = IGNORE_RESIDUE (the device reports
2599 bogus residue values);
2600 s = SINGLE_LUN (the device has only one
2602 w = NO_WP_DETECT (don't test whether the
2603 medium is write-protected).
2604 Example: quirks=0419:aaf5:rl,0421:0433:rc
2607 [X86] Flags controlling user PTE allocations.
2609 nohigh = do not allocate PTE pages in
2610 HIGHMEM regardless of setting
2614 vdso=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
2615 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
2616 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
2619 vdso32=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
2620 vdso32=1: enable 32-bit VDSO (default)
2621 vdso32=0: disable 32-bit VDSO mapping
2624 vector=percpu: enable percpu vector domain
2626 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
2627 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
2629 vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode
2630 See Documentation/x86/boot.txt and
2631 Documentation/svga.txt.
2632 Use vga=ask for menu.
2633 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
2634 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
2636 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
2637 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
2638 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
2639 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
2642 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
2645 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
2648 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
2651 vt.cur_default= [VT] Default cursor shape.
2652 Format: 0xCCBBAA, where AA, BB, and CC are the same as
2653 the parameters of the <Esc>[?A;B;Cc escape sequence;
2654 see VGA-softcursor.txt. Default: 2 = underline.
2656 vt.default_blu= [VT]
2657 Format: <blue0>,<blue1>,<blue2>,...,<blue15>
2658 Change the default blue palette of the console.
2659 This is a 16-member array composed of values
2662 vt.default_grn= [VT]
2663 Format: <green0>,<green1>,<green2>,...,<green15>
2664 Change the default green palette of the console.
2665 This is a 16-member array composed of values
2668 vt.default_red= [VT]
2669 Format: <red0>,<red1>,<red2>,...,<red15>
2670 Change the default red palette of the console.
2671 This is a 16-member array composed of values
2677 Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's.
2678 Default is 1, i.e. UTF-8 mode is enabled for all
2679 newly opened terminals.
2681 vt.global_cursor_default=
2684 Set system-wide default for whether a cursor
2685 is shown on new VTs. Default is -1,
2686 i.e. cursors will be created by default unless
2687 overridden by individual drivers. 0 will hide
2688 cursors, 1 will display them.
2690 watchdog timers [HW,WDT] For information on watchdog timers,
2691 see Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-parameters.txt
2692 or other driver-specific files in the
2693 Documentation/watchdog/ directory.
2695 x2apic_phys [X86-64,APIC] Use x2apic physical mode instead of
2696 default x2apic cluster mode on platforms
2699 x86_mrst_timer= [X86-32,APBT]
2700 Choose timer option for x86 Moorestown MID platform.
2701 Two valid options are apbt timer only and lapic timer
2702 plus one apbt timer for broadcast timer.
2703 x86_mrst_timer=apbt_only | lapic_and_apbt
2705 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
2706 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
2708 xen_emul_unplug= [HW,X86,XEN]
2709 Unplug Xen emulated devices
2710 Format: [unplug0,][unplug1]
2711 ide-disks -- unplug primary master IDE devices
2712 aux-ide-disks -- unplug non-primary-master IDE devices
2713 nics -- unplug network devices
2714 all -- unplug all emulated devices (NICs and IDE disks)
2715 unnecessary -- unplugging emulated devices is
2716 unnecessary even if the host did not respond to
2718 never -- do not unplug even if version check succeeds
2720 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
2722 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
2724 ______________________________________________________________________
2728 Add more DRM drivers.
projects / linux-flexiantxendom0.git / blob