Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt

   1 February 2003             Kernel Parameters                     v2.5.59
   2                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   3
   4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
   5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
   6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
   7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
   8
   9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
  10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
  11
  12         modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
  13
  14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
  15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
  16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
  17
  18         usbcore.blinkenlights=1
  19
  20 The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description state the
  21 restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
  22 restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
  23
  24         ACPI    ACPI support is enabled.
  25         ALSA    ALSA sound support is enabled.
  26         APIC    APIC support is enabled.
  27         APM     Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
  28         AX25    Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
  29         CD      Appropriate CD support is enabled.
  30         DEVFS   devfs support is enabled.
  31         DRM     Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
  32         EFI     EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
  33         EIDE    EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
  34         FB      The frame buffer device is enabled.
  35         HW      Appropriate hardware is enabled.
  36         IA-32   IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
  37         IA-64   IA-64 architecture is enabled.
  38         IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
  39         IP_PNP  IP DCHP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
  40         ISAPNP  ISA PnP code is enabled.
  41         ISDN    Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
  42         JOY     Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
  43         LP      Printer support is enabled.
  44         LOOP    Loopback device support is enabled.
  45         M68k    M68k architecture is enabled.
  46                         These options have more detailed description inside of
  47                         Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
  48         MCA     MCA bus support is enabled.
  49         MDA     MDA console support is enabled.
  50         MOUSE   Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
  51         MTD     MTD support is enabled.
  52         NET     Appropriate network support is enabled.
  53         NFS     Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
  54         OSS     OSS sound support is enabled.
  55         PARIDE  The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
  56         PCI     PCI bus support is enabled.
  57         PCMCIA  The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
  58         PNP     Plug & Play support is enabled.
  59         PPC     PowerPC architecture is enabled.
  60         PPT     Parallel port support is enabled.
  61         PS2     Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
  62         RAM     RAM disk support is enabled.
  63         S390    S390 architecture is enabled.
  64         SCSI    Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
  65                         A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
  66                         Documentation/scsi/.
  67         SERIAL  Serial support is enabled.
  68         SMP     The kernel is an SMP kernel.
  69         SPARC   Sparc architecture is enabled.
  70         SWSUSP  Software suspension is enabled.
  71         TS      Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
  72         USB     USB support is enabled.
  73         V4L     Video For Linux support is enabled.
  74         VGA     The VGA console has been enabled.
  75         VT      Virtual terminal support is enabled.
  76         WDT     Watchdog support is enabled.
  77         XT      IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
  78
  79 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
  80
  81         BUGS=   Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
  82         KNL     Is a kernel start-up parameter.
  83         BOOT    Is a boot loader parameter.
  84
  85 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
  86 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
  87 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
  88 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
  89
  90 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
  91 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
  92 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
  93 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
  94 running once the system is up.
  95
  96         53c7xx=         [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
  97                         See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
  98                         See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
  99
 100         98busmouse.irq= [HW,MOUSE] PC-9801 Bus Mouse Driver
 101                         Format: <irq>, default is 13
 102
 103         acpi=           [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
 104                         Format: { force | off | ht | strict }
 105                         force -- enable ACPI if default was off
 106                         off -- disable ACPI if default was on
 107                         noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
 108                         ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
 109                         strict --  Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
 110                                 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
 111
 112                         See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
 113
 114         acpi_sleep=     [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
 115                         Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
 116                         See Documentation/power/video.txt
 117
 118         acpi_sci=       [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
 119                         Format: { level | edge |  high | low }
 120
 121         acpi_irq_balance        [HW,ACPI] ACPI will balance active IRQs
 122                                 default in APIC mode
 123
 124         acpi_irq_nobalance      [HW,ACPI] ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
 125                                 default in PIC mode
 126
 127         acpi_irq_pci=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, Clear listed IRQs for use by PCI
 128                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
 129
 130         acpi_irq_isa=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, Mark listed IRQs used by ISA
 131                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
 132
 133         acpi_osi=       [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
 134
 135         acpi_serialize  [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
 136
 137         acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
 138                         Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
 139                         For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
 140
 141         acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
 142                         Format: <int>
 143                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an acpi debug layer,
 144                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
 145                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
 146                         via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
 147
 148         acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
 149                         Format: <int>
 150                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an acpi debug level,
 151                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
 152                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
 153                         via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
 154
 155         ad1816=         [HW,OSS]
 156                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
 157                         See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
 158
 159         ad1848=         [HW,OSS]
 160                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
 161
 162         adlib=          [HW,OSS]
 163                         Format: <io>
 164
 165         advansys=       [HW,SCSI]
 166                         See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
 167
 168         advwdt=         [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
 169                         Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
 170
 171         aedsp16=        [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
 172                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
 173                         See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
 174
 175         aha152x=        [HW,SCSI]
 176                         See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
 177
 178         aha1542=        [HW,SCSI]
 179                         Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
 180
 181         aic7xxx=        [HW,SCSI]
 182                         See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
 183
 184         aic79xx=        [HW,SCSI]
 185                         See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
 186
 187         AM53C974=       [HW,SCSI]
 188                         Format: <host-scsi-id>,<target-scsi-id>,<max-rate>,<max-offset>
 189                         See also header of drivers/scsi/AM53C974.c.
 190
 191         amijoy.map=     [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
 192                         Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
 193                         Format: <a>,<b>
 194                         See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
 195
 196         analog.map=     [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
 197                         Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
 198                         connected to one of 16 gameports
 199                         Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
 200
 201         apc=            [HW,SPARC] Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
 202                         Format: noidle
 203                         Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
 204                         not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
 205                         APC and your system crashes randomly.
 206
 207         apic            [UP,APIC] Tells the kernel to make use of the APIC on
 208                         uniprocessor systems. Even when APIC on UP
 209                         systems is enabled, it needs this parameter
 210                         to really activate it (needed to avoid problems
 211                         with certain machines). This enables IO and local APICs.
 212
 213         apm=            [APM] Advanced Power Management
 214                         See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
 215
 216         applicom=       [HW]
 217                         Format: <mem>,<irq>
 218
 219         arcrimi=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
 220                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
 221
 222         ataflop=        [HW,M68k]
 223
 224         atarimouse=     [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
 225
 226         atascsi=        [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
 227
 228         atkbd.extra=    [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess, EzKey
 229                         and similar keyboards
 230
 231         atkbd.reset=    [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
 232
 233         atkbd.set=      [HW] Select keyboard code set
 234                         Format: <int> (2 = AT (default) 3 = PS/2)
 235
 236         atkbd.scroll=   [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar keyboards
 237
 238         atkbd.softrepeat=
 239                         [HW] Use software keyboard repeat
 240
 241         autotest        [IA64]
 242
 243         awe=            [HW,OSS] AWE32/SB32/AWE64 wave table synth
 244                         Format: <io>,<memsize>,<isapnp>
 245
 246         aztcd=          [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
 247                         Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
 248
 249         baycom_epp=     [HW,AX25]
 250                         Format: <io>,<mode>
 251
 252         baycom_par=     [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
 253                         Format: <io>,<mode>
 254                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
 255
 256         baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25] BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
 257                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
 258                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
 259
 260         baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25] BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
 261                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
 262                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
 263
 264         blkmtd_device=  [HW,MTD]
 265         blkmtd_erasesz=
 266         blkmtd_ro=
 267         blkmtd_bs=
 268         blkmtd_count=
 269
 270         bttv.card=      [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
 271         bttv.radio=     Most important insmod options are available as kernel args too.
 272         bttv.pll=       See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
 273         bttv.tuner=     and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
 274
 275         BusLogic=       [HW,SCSI]
 276                         See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
 277                         BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
 278
 279         c101=           [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
 280
 281         cachesize=      [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
 282                         Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
 283                         size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
 284                         to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
 285                         possible to determine what the correct size should be.
 286                         This option provides an override for these situations.
 287
 288         cdu31a=         [HW,CD]
 289                         Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
 290                         See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
 291
 292         chandev=        [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
 293
 294         clock=          [BUGS=IA-32, HW] gettimeofday timesource override.
 295                         Forces specified timesource (if avaliable) to be used
 296                         when calculating gettimeofday(). If specicified timesource
 297                         is not avalible, it defaults to PIT.
 298                         Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
 299
 300         hpet=           [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
 301                         Format: disable
 302
 303         cm206=          [HW,CD]
 304                         Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
 305
 306         com20020=       [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
 307                         Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
 308
 309         com90io=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
 310                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
 311
 312         com90xx=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
 313                         Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
 314
 315         condev=         [HW,S390] console device
 316         conmode=
 317
 318         console=        [KNL] Output console
 319                         Console device and comm spec (speed, control, parity).
 320
 321         cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
 322                         Format: <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
 323
 324         cpia_pp=        [HW,PPT]
 325                         Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
 326
 327         cs4232=         [HW,OSS]
 328                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
 329
 330         cs89x0_dma=     [HW,NET]
 331                         Format: <dma>
 332
 333         cs89x0_media=   [HW,NET]
 334                         Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
 335
 336         cyclades=       [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
 337
 338         dasd=           [HW,NET]
 339                         See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
 340
 341         db9.dev[2|3]=   [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
 342                         (one device per port)
 343                         Format: <port#>,<type>
 344                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
 345
 346         debug           [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
 347
 348         decnet=         [HW,NET]
 349                         Format: <area>[,<node>]
 350                         See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
 351
 352         devfs=          [DEVFS]
 353                         See Documentation/filesystems/devfs/boot-options.
 354
 355         dhash_entries=  [KNL]
 356                         Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
 357
 358         digi=           [HW,SERIAL]
 359                         IO parameters + enable/disable command.
 360
 361         digiepca=       [HW,SERIAL]
 362                         See drivers/char/README.epca and
 363                         Documentation/digiepca.txt.
 364
 365         dmascc=         [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
 366                         support available.
 367                         Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
 368
 369         dmasound=       [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
 370
 371         dscc4.setup=    [NET]
 372
 373         dtc3181e=       [HW,SCSI]
 374
 375         earlyprintk=    [x86, x86_64]
 376                         earlyprintk=vga
 377                         earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
 378
 379                         Append ,keep to not disable it when the real console
 380                         takes over.
 381
 382                         Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
 383
 384                         Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
 385
 386                         Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
 387                         very good.
 388
 389                         The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
 390                         console.
 391
 392         eata=           [HW,SCSI]
 393
 394         eda=            [HW,PS2]
 395
 396         edb=            [HW,PS2]
 397
 398         eicon=          [HW,ISDN]
 399                         Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
 400
 401         eisa_irq_edge=  [PARISC]
 402                         See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
 403
 404         elanfreq=       [IA-32]
 405                         See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
 406                         arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
 407
 408         elevator=       [IOSCHED]
 409                         Format: {"as"|"cfq"|"deadline"|"noop"}
 410                         See Documentation/as-iosched.txt for details
 411
 412         es1370=         [HW,OSS]
 413                         Format: <lineout>[,<micbias>]
 414                         See also header of sound/oss/es1370.c.
 415
 416         es1371=         [HW,OSS]
 417                         Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
 418                         See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
 419
 420         ether=          [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
 421                         This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
 422                         has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
 423
 424         eurwdt=         [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
 425                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
 426
 427         fd_mcs=         [HW,SCSI]
 428                         See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
 429
 430         fdomain=        [HW,SCSI]
 431                         See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
 432
 433         floppy=         [HW]
 434                         See Documentation/floppy.txt.
 435
 436         ftape=          [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
 437                         See Documentation/ftape.txt.
 438
 439         gamecon.map[2|3]=
 440                         [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
 441                         support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
 442                         Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
 443                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
 444
 445         gamma=          [HW,DRM]
 446
 447         gdth=           [HW,SCSI]
 448                         See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
 449
 450         gpt             [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
 451                         invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
 452
 453         gscd=           [HW,CD]
 454                         Format: <io>
 455
 456         gt96100eth=     [NET] MIPS GT96100 Advanced Communication Controller
 457
 458         gus=            [HW,OSS]
 459                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>
 460
 461         gvp11=          [HW,SCSI]
 462
 463         hcl=            [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
 464
 465         hd=             [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
 466                         Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
 467
 468         hd?=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
 469         hd?lun=         See Documentation/ide.txt.
 470
 471         hisax=          [HW,ISDN]
 472                         See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
 473
 474         hugepages=      [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
 475
 476         noirqbalance    [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
 477
 478         i8042.direct    [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
 479         i8042.dumbkbd   [HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from
 480                              keyboard and can not control its state
 481                              (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
 482         i8042.noaux     [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
 483         i8042.nomux     [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
 484                              controller
 485         i8042.reset     [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
 486         i8042.unlock    [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
 487
 488         i810=           [HW,DRM]
 489
 490         ibmmcascsi=     [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
 491                         See Documentation/mca.txt.
 492
 493         icn=            [HW,ISDN]
 494                         Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
 495
 496         ide?=           [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
 497                         Config (iomem/irq), tuning or debugging
 498                         (serialize,reset,no{dma,tune,probe}) or chipset
 499                         specific parameters.
 500                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
 501
 502         idebus=         [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
 503                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
 504
 505         idle=           [HW]
 506                         Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
 507
 508         ihash_entries=  [KNL]
 509                         Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
 510
 511         in2000=         [HW,SCSI]
 512                         See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
 513
 514         init=           [KNL]
 515                         Format: <full_path>
 516                         Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
 517                         process.
 518
 519         initcall_debug  [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed.  Useful
 520                         for working out where the kernel is dying during
 521                         startup.
 522
 523         initrd=         [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
 524
 525         inport.irq=     [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
 526                         Format: <irq>
 527
 528         inttest=        [IA64]
 529
 530         io7=            [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
 531                         See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
 532                         arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
 533
 534         ip=             [IP_PNP]
 535                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
 536
 537         ip2=            [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
 538                         See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
 539
 540         ips=            [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
 541                         See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
 542
 543         isapnp=         [ISAPNP]
 544                         Format: <RDP>, <reset>, <pci_scan>, <verbosity>
 545
 546         isp16=          [HW,CD]
 547                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
 548
 549         iucv=           [HW,NET]
 550
 551         js=             [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
 552                         See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
 553
 554         keepinitrd      [HW,ARM]
 555
 556         l2cr=           [PPC]
 557
 558         lapic           [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS disabled it.
 559
 560         lasi=           [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
 561                         Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
 562
 563         llsc*=          [IA64]
 564                         See function print_params() in arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
 565
 566         load_ramdisk=   [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
 567                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
 568
 569         lockd.udpport=  [NFS]
 570
 571         lockd.tcpport=  [NFS]
 572
 573         logibm.irq=     [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
 574                         Format: <irq>
 575
 576         log_buf_len=n   Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
 577                         Format is n, nk, nM.  n must be a power of two.  The
 578                         default is set in kernel config.
 579
 580         lp=0            [LP]    Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
 581         lp=port[,port...]       lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
 582         lp=reset                first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
 583         lp=auto                 printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
 584                                 specified in addition to the ports) causes
 585                                 attached printers to be reset. Using
 586                                 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
 587                                 to associate lp devices with, starting with
 588                                 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
 589                                 that lp device, or a parport name such as
 590                                 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
 591                                 port specification list means that device IDs
 592                                 from each port should be examined, to see if
 593                                 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
 594                                 so, the driver will manage that printer.
 595                                 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
 596
 597         ltpc=           [NET]
 598                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
 599
 600         mac5380=        [HW,SCSI]
 601                         Format: <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
 602
 603         mac53c9x=       [HW,SCSI]
 604                         Format: <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
 605
 606         mad16=          [HW,OSS]
 607                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>,<joystick>
 608
 609         maui=           [HW,OSS]
 610                         Format: <io>,<irq>
 611
 612         max_loop=       [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
 613                         be mounted
 614                         Format: <1-256>
 615
 616         maxcpus=        [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
 617                         should make use of
 618
 619         max_scsi_luns=  [SCSI]
 620
 621         max_scsi_report_luns=
 622                         [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received
 623                         Should be between 1 and 16384.
 624
 625         mca-pentium     [BUGS=IA-32]
 626
 627         mcatest=        [IA-64]
 628
 629         mcd=            [HW,CD]
 630                         Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
 631
 632         mcdx=           [HW,CD]
 633
 634         mce             [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
 635
 636         md=             [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
 637                         See Documentation/md.txt.
 638
 639         mdacon=         [MDA]
 640                         Format: <first>,<last>
 641                         Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
 642
 643         mem=nn[KMG]     [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
 644                         Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
 645                         to see the whole system memory or for test.
 646
 647         mem=nopentium   [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
 648                         memory.
 649
 650         memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32] Enable setting of an exact
 651                         E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
 652                         Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
 653                         BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
 654                         option description.
 655
 656         memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
 657                         [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
 658                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
 659
 660         memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
 661                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
 662                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
 663
 664         memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
 665                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
 666                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
 667
 668         meye=           [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
 669                         See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
 670
 671         mga=            [HW,DRM]
 672
 673         mousedev.xres=  [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
 674                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
 675         mousedev.yres=  [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
 676                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
 677
 678         mpu401=         [HW,OSS]
 679                         Format: <io>,<irq>
 680
 681         MTD_Partition=  [MTD]
 682                         Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
 683
 684         MTD_Region=     [MTD]
 685                         Format: <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
 686
 687         mtdparts=       [MTD]
 688                         See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
 689
 690         n2=             [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
 691
 692         NCR_D700=       [HW,SCSI]
 693                         See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
 694
 695         ncr5380=        [HW,SCSI]
 696
 697         ncr53c400=      [HW,SCSI]
 698
 699         ncr53c400a=     [HW,SCSI]
 700
 701         ncr53c406a=     [HW,SCSI]
 702
 703         ncr53c8xx=      [HW,SCSI]
 704
 705         netdev=         [NET] Network devices parameters
 706                         Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
 707                         Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
 708                         something different and driver-specific.
 709
 710         nfsaddrs=       [NFS]
 711                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
 712
 713         nfsroot=        [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
 714                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
 715
 716         nmi_watchdog=   [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
 717
 718         no387           [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
 719                         emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
 720                         is present.
 721
 722         noalign         [KNL,ARM]
 723
 724         noapic          [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel not to make use of any
 725                         APIC that may be present on the system.
 726
 727         noasync         [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
 728                         all devices.
 729
 730         nocache         [ARM]
 731
 732         nodisconnect    [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
 733
 734         noexec          [IA-64]
 735
 736         noexec          [i386]
 737                         noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
 738                         noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
 739
 740         nofxsr          [BUGS=IA-32]
 741
 742         nohighio        [BUGS=IA-32] Disable highmem block I/O.
 743
 744         nohlt           [BUGS=ARM]
 745
 746         no-hlt          [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
 747                         instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
 748                         use it.
 749
 750         noirqdebug      [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
 751                         disable unhandled interrupt sources.
 752
 753         noisapnp        [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
 754
 755         noinitrd        [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
 756                         initial RAM disk.
 757
 758         nointroute      [IA-64]
 759
 760         nolapic         [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
 761
 762         nomce           [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
 763
 764         noresume        [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restore original swap space.
 765
 766         no-scroll       [VGA] Disables scrollback.
 767                         This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
 768                         reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
 769
 770         nosbagart       [IA-64]
 771
 772         nosmp           [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
 773
 774         nosync          [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
 775
 776         notsc           [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
 777
 778         nousb           [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
 779
 780         nowb            [ARM]
 781
 782         opl3=           [HW,OSS]
 783                         Format: <io>
 784
 785         opl3sa=         [HW,OSS]
 786                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
 787
 788         opl3sa2=        [HW,OSS]
 789                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
 790
 791         oprofile.timer= [HW]
 792                         Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
 793
 794         optcd=          [HW,CD]
 795                         Format: <io>
 796
 797         osst=           [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
 798                         Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
 799                         See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
 800
 801         panic=          [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
 802                         Format: <timeout>
 803
 804         parport=0       [HW,PPT]        Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
 805         parport=auto                    Use 'auto' to force the driver to use
 806         parport=0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]]       any IRQ/DMA settings detected (the
 807                                         default is to ignore detected IRQ/DMA
 808                                         settings because of possible
 809                                         conflicts). You can specify the base
 810                                         address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and
 811                                         DMA should be numbers, or 'auto' (for
 812                                         using detected settings on that
 813                                         particular port), or 'nofifo' (to avoid
 814                                         using a FIFO even if it is detected).
 815                                         Parallel ports are assigned in the
 816                                         order they are specified on the command
 817                                         line, starting with parport0.
 818
 819         pas2=           [HW,OSS]
 820                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
 821
 822         pas16=          [HW,SCSI]
 823                         See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
 824
 825         pcbit=          [HW,ISDN]
 826
 827         pcd.            [PARIDE]
 828                         See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
 829                         See also Documentation/paride.txt.
 830
 831         pci=option[,option...]          [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
 832                 off                     [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
 833                 bios                    [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
 834                                         the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
 835                                         has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
 836                 nobios                  [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
 837                                         hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
 838                                         if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
 839                                         suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
 840                 conf1                   [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration Mechanism 1.
 841                 conf2                   [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration Mechanism 2.
 842                 nosort                  [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
 843                                         order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is done
 844                                         to get a device order compatible with older kernels.
 845                 biosirq                 [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
 846                                         routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
 847                                         on several machines and they hang the machine when used,
 848                                         but on other computers it's the only way to get the
 849                                         interrupt routing table. Try this option if the kernel
 850                                         is unable to allocate IRQs or discover secondary PCI
 851                                         buses on your motherboard.
 852                 rom                     [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
 853                                         Use with caution as certain devices share address
 854                                         decoders between ROMs and other resources.
 855                 irqmask=0xMMMM          [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be assigned
 856                                         automatically to PCI devices. You can make the kernel
 857                                         exclude IRQs of your ISA cards this way.
 858                 lastbus=N               [IA-32] Scan all buses till bus #N. Can be useful
 859                                         if the kernel is unable to find your secondary buses
 860                                         and you want to tell it explicitly which ones they are.
 861                 assign-busses           [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
 862                                         numbers ourselves, overriding
 863                                         whatever the firmware may have
 864                                         done.
 865                 usepirqmask             [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask
 866                                         stored in the BIOS $PIR table. This is
 867                                         needed on some systems with broken
 868                                         BIOSes, notably some HP Pavilion N5400
 869                                         and Omnibook XE3 notebooks. This will
 870                                         have no effect if ACPI IRQ routing is
 871                                         enabled.
 872                 noacpi                  [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
 873                                         or for PCI scanning.
 874
 875         pcmv=           [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
 876
 877         pd.             [PARIDE]
 878                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
 879
 880         pf.             [PARIDE]
 881                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
 882
 883         pg.             [PARIDE]
 884                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
 885
 886         pirq=           [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
 887                         See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
 888
 889         plip=           [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
 890                         Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
 891                         See also Documentation/parport.txt.
 892
 893         pnpbios=        [ISAPNP]
 894                         { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
 895
 896         pnp_reserve_irq=
 897                         [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
 898
 899         pnp_reserve_dma=
 900                         [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
 901
 902         pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
 903                         Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
 904
 905         pnp_reserve_mem=
 906                         [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the autoconfiguration
 907                         Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
 908
 909         profile=        [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
 910                         (param: profile step/bucket size as a power of 2)
 911
 912         prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
 913                         before loading.
 914                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
 915
 916         psmouse.proto=  [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
 917                         probe for (bare|imps|exps).
 918         psmouse.rate=   [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
 919                         per second.
 920         psmouse.resetafter=
 921                         [HW,MOUSE] Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
 922                         (0 = never).
 923         psmouse.resolution=
 924                         [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
 925         psmouse.smartscroll=
 926                         [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat,
 927                         0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
 928
 929         pss=            [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
 930                         Format: <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
 931
 932         pt.             [PARIDE]
 933                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
 934
 935         quiet=          [KNL] Disable log messages
 936
 937         r128=           [HW,DRM]
 938
 939         raid=           [HW,RAID]
 940                         See Documentation/md.txt.
 941
 942         ramdisk=        [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
 943                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
 944
 945         ramdisk_blocksize=
 946                         [RAM]
 947                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
 948
 949         ramdisk_size=   [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
 950                         New name for the ramdisk parameter.
 951                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
 952
 953         ramdisk_start=  [RAM] Starting block of RAM disk image (so you can
 954                         place it after the kernel image on a boot floppy).
 955                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
 956
 957         reboot=         [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
 958                         Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
 959                         See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c.
 960
 961         reserve=        [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
 962
 963         resume=         [SWSUSP] Specify the partition device for software suspension
 964
 965         rhash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
 966                         Set number of hash buckets for route cache
 967
 968         riscom8=        [HW,SERIAL]
 969                         Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
 970
 971         ro              [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
 972
 973         root=           [KNL] Root filesystem
 974
 975         rootflags=      [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
 976
 977         rootfstype=     [KNL] Set root filesystem type
 978
 979         rw              [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
 980
 981         S               [KNL] Run init in single mode
 982
 983         sa1100ir        [NET]
 984                         See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
 985
 986         sb=             [HW,OSS]
 987                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
 988
 989         sbni=           [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
 990
 991         sbpcd=          [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
 992                         Format: <io>,<type>
 993                         See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
 994                         drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
 995
 996         sc1200wdt=      [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
 997                         Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
 998
 999         scsi_debug_*=   [SCSI]
1000                         See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1001
1002         scsi_default_dev_flags=
1003                         [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1004                         Format: <integer>
1005
1006         scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1007                         Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1008                         (flags are integer value)
1009
1010         scsi_logging=   [SCSI]
1011
1012         scsihosts=      [SCSI]
1013
1014         serialnumber    [BUGS=IA-32]
1015
1016         sf16fm=         [HW] SF16FMI radio driver for Linux
1017                         Format: <io>
1018
1019         sg_def_reserved_size=
1020                         [SCSI]
1021
1022         sgalaxy=        [HW,OSS]
1023                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sgbase>
1024
1025         shapers=        [NET]
1026                         Maximal number of shapers.
1027
1028         sim710=         [SCSI,HW]
1029                         See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1030
1031         simeth=         [IA-64]
1032         simscsi=
1033
1034         sjcd=           [HW,CD]
1035                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1036                         See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1037
1038         slram=          [HW,MTD]
1039
1040         smart2=         [HW]
1041                         Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1042
1043         snd-ad1816a=    [HW,ALSA]
1044
1045         snd-ad1848=     [HW,ALSA]
1046
1047         snd-ali5451=    [HW,ALSA]
1048
1049         snd-als100=     [HW,ALSA]
1050
1051         snd-als4000=    [HW,ALSA]
1052
1053         snd-azt2320=    [HW,ALSA]
1054
1055         snd-cmi8330=    [HW,ALSA]
1056
1057         snd-cmipci=     [HW,ALSA]
1058
1059         snd-cs4231=     [HW,ALSA]
1060
1061         snd-cs4232=     [HW,ALSA]
1062
1063         snd-cs4236=     [HW,ALSA]
1064
1065         snd-cs4281=     [HW,ALSA]
1066
1067         snd-cs46xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1068
1069         snd-dt019x=     [HW,ALSA]
1070
1071         snd-dummy=      [HW,ALSA]
1072
1073         snd-emu10k1=    [HW,ALSA]
1074
1075         snd-ens1370=    [HW,ALSA]
1076
1077         snd-ens1371=    [HW,ALSA]
1078
1079         snd-es968=      [HW,ALSA]
1080
1081         snd-es1688=     [HW,ALSA]
1082
1083         snd-es18xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1084
1085         snd-es1938=     [HW,ALSA]
1086
1087         snd-es1968=     [HW,ALSA]
1088
1089         snd-fm801=      [HW,ALSA]
1090
1091         snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1092
1093         snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1094
1095         snd-gusmax=     [HW,ALSA]
1096
1097         snd-hdsp=       [HW,ALSA]
1098
1099         snd-ice1712=    [HW,ALSA]
1100
1101         snd-intel8x0=   [HW,ALSA]
1102
1103         snd-interwave=  [HW,ALSA]
1104
1105         snd-interwave-stb=
1106                         [HW,ALSA]
1107
1108         snd-korg1212=   [HW,ALSA]
1109
1110         snd-maestro3=   [HW,ALSA]
1111
1112         snd-mpu401=     [HW,ALSA]
1113
1114         snd-mtpav=      [HW,ALSA]
1115
1116         snd-nm256=      [HW,ALSA]
1117
1118         snd-opl3sa2=    [HW,ALSA]
1119
1120         snd-opti92x-ad1848=
1121                         [HW,ALSA]
1122
1123         snd-opti92x-cs4231=
1124                         [HW,ALSA]
1125
1126         snd-opti93x=    [HW,ALSA]
1127
1128         snd-pmac=       [HW,ALSA]
1129
1130         snd-rme32=      [HW,ALSA]
1131
1132         snd-rme96=      [HW,ALSA]
1133
1134         snd-rme9652=    [HW,ALSA]
1135
1136         snd-sb8=        [HW,ALSA]
1137
1138         snd-sb16=       [HW,ALSA]
1139
1140         snd-sbawe=      [HW,ALSA]
1141
1142         snd-serial=     [HW,ALSA]
1143
1144         snd-sgalaxy=    [HW,ALSA]
1145
1146         snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1147
1148         snd-sun-amd7930=
1149                         [HW,ALSA]
1150
1151         snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1152
1153         snd-trident=    [HW,ALSA]
1154
1155         snd-usb-audio=  [HW,ALSA,USB]
1156
1157         snd-via82xx=    [HW,ALSA]
1158
1159         snd-virmidi=    [HW,ALSA]
1160
1161         snd-wavefront=  [HW,ALSA]
1162
1163         snd-ymfpci=     [HW,ALSA]
1164
1165         sonicvibes=     [HW,OSS]
1166                         Format: <reverb>
1167
1168         sonycd535=      [HW,CD]
1169                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1170
1171         sonypi=         [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1172                         Format: <minor>,<verbose>,<fnkeyinit>,<camera>,<compat>,<nojogdial>
1173
1174         specialix=      [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1175                         See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1176
1177         speedstep_coppermine=
1178                         [HW,IA-32] Take CPU in your notebook as SpeedStep-capable
1179                         See comment before function speedstep_setup() in
1180                         arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/speedstep.c.
1181
1182         spia_io_base=   [HW,MTD]
1183         spia_fio_base=
1184         spia_pedr=
1185         spia_peddr=
1186
1187         sscape=         [HW,OSS]
1188                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1189
1190         st=             [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1191                         See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1192
1193         st0x=           [HW,SCSI]
1194                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1195
1196         sti=            [HW]
1197                         Format: <num>
1198                         Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1199                         machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1200                         as the initial boot-console.
1201                         See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1202
1203         sti_font=       [HW]
1204                         See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1205
1206         stifb=          [HW]
1207                         Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1208
1209         stram_swap=     [HW,M68k]
1210
1211         unsupported     Allow loading of unsupported kernel modules:
1212                         0 = only allow supported modules,
1213                         1 = warn when loading unsupported modules,
1214                         2 = don't warn.
1215
1216
1217         swiotlb=        [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1218
1219         switches=       [HW,M68k]
1220
1221         sym53c416=      [HW,SCSI]
1222                         See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1223
1224         sym53c8xx=      [HW,SCSI]
1225                         See Documentation/scsi/ncr53c8xx.txt.
1226
1227         t128=           [HW,SCSI]
1228                         See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1229
1230         tdfx=           [HW,DRM]
1231
1232         thash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1233                         Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1234
1235         tipar=          [HW]
1236                         See header of drivers/char/tipar.c.
1237
1238         tiusb=          [HW,USB] Texas Instruments' USB GraphLink (aka SilverLink)
1239                         Format: <timeout>
1240
1241         tmc8xx=         [HW,SCSI]
1242                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1243
1244         tmscsim=        [HW,SCSI]
1245                         See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1246                         drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1247
1248         tp720=          [HW,PS2]
1249
1250         trix=           [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1251                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1252
1253         tsdev.xres=     [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1254         tsdev.yres=     [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1255
1256         turbografx.map[2|3]=
1257                         [HW,JOY] TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1258                         Format: <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1259                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1260
1261         u14-34f=        [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1262                         See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1263
1264         uart401=        [HW,OSS]
1265                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1266
1267         uart6850=       [HW,OSS]
1268                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1269
1270         video=          [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1271                         See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1272
1273         vga=            [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1274                         See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and Documentation/svga.txt.
1275                         Use vga=ask for menu.
1276                         This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1277                         passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1278
1279         vmhalt=         [KNL,S390]
1280
1281         vmpoff=         [KNL,S390]
1282
1283         waveartist=     [HW,OSS]
1284                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1285
1286         wd33c93=        [HW,SCSI]
1287                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1288
1289         wd7000=         [HW,SCSI]
1290                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1291
1292         wdt=            [WDT] Watchdog
1293                         See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1294
1295         xd=             [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1296         xd_geo=         See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1297
1298         xirc2ps_cs=     [NET,PCMCIA]
1299                         Format: <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1300
1301
1302
1303 Changelog:
1304
1305         The last known update (for 2.4.0) - the changelog was not kept before.
1306         2000-06-??      Mr. Unknown
1307
1308         Update for 2.5.49, description for most of the options introduced,
1309         references to other documentation (C files, READMEs, ..), added S390,
1310         PPC, SPARC, MTD, ALSA and OSS category. Minor corrections and
1311         reformatting.
1312         2002-11-24      Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
1313                         Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@verizon.net>
1314
1315 TODO:
1316
1317         Add documentation for ALSA options.
1318         Add more DRM drivers.