=====
This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
-software necessary to run the 2.5 kernels, as well as provide brief
-instructions regarding any other "Gotchas" users may encounter when
-trying life on the Bleeding Edge. If upgrading from a pre-2.4.x
-kernel, please consult the Changes file included with 2.4.x kernels for
-additional information; most of that information will not be repeated
-here. Basically, this document assumes that your system is already
-functional and running at least 2.4.x kernels.
+software necessary to run the 3.0 kernels.
This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
'net).
-The latest revision of this document, in various formats, can always
-be found at <http://cyberbuzz.gatech.edu/kaboom/linux/Changes-2.4/>.
-
-Feel free to translate this document. If you do so, please send me a
-URL to your translation for inclusion in future revisions of this
-document.
-
-Smotrite file <http://oblom.rnc.ru/linux/kernel/Changes.ru>, yavlyaushisya
-russkim perevodom dannogo documenta.
-
-Visite <http://www2.adi.uam.es/~ender/tecnico/> para obtener la traducción
-al español de este documento en varios formatos.
-
-Eine deutsche Version dieser Datei finden Sie unter
-<http://www.stefan-winter.de/Changes-2.4.0.txt>.
-
-Last updated: January 22, 2002
-
-Chris Ricker (kaboom@gatech.edu or chris.ricker@genetics.utah.edu).
-
Current Minimal Requirements
============================
encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
running, the suggested command should tell you.
-Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already
-functionally running a Linux 2.4 kernel. Also, not all tools are
-necessary on all systems; obviously, if you don't have any PCMCIA (PC
-Card) hardware, for example, you probably needn't concern yourself
-with pcmcia-cs.
+Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
+running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
+systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
+you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
-o Gnu C 2.95.3 # gcc --version
-o Gnu make 3.78 # make --version
-o binutils 2.9.5.0.25 # ld -v
+o Gnu C 3.2 # gcc --version
+o Gnu make 3.80 # make --version
+o binutils 2.12 # ld -v
o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
-o modutils 2.4.2 # insmod -V
-o e2fsprogs 1.25 # tune2fs
-o jfsutils 1.0.14 # fsck.jfs -V
-o reiserfsprogs 3.x.1b # reiserfsck 2>&1|grep reiserfsprogs
-o pcmcia-cs 3.1.21 # cardmgr -V
+o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V
+o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V
+o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V
+o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V
+o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V
+o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version
+o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck
+o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V
+o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V
o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version
o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
-
+o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version
+o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version
+o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version
+o udev 081 # udevd --version
+o grub 0.93 # grub --version || grub-install --version
+o mcelog 0.6 # mcelog --version
+o iptables 1.4.2 # iptables -V
+
+
Kernel compilation
==================
---
The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
-computer. The next paragraph applies to users of x86 CPUs, but not
-necessarily to users of other CPUs. Users of other CPUs should obtain
-information about their gcc version requirements from another source.
-
-The recommended compiler for the kernel is gcc 2.95.x (x >= 3), and it
-should be used when you need absolute stability. You may use gcc 3.0.x
-instead if you wish, although it may cause problems. Later versions of gcc
-have not received much testing for Linux kernel compilation, and there are
-almost certainly bugs (mainly, but not exclusively, in the kernel) that
-will need to be fixed in order to use these compilers. In any case, using
-pgcc instead of plain gcc is just asking for trouble.
-
-Note that gcc 2.7.2.3 and gcc 2.91.66 (egcs-1.1.2) are no longer supported
-kernel compilers. The kernel no longer works around bugs in these versions,
-and, in fact, will refuse to be compiled with it.
-
-The Red Hat gcc 2.96 compiler subtree can also be used to build this tree.
-You should ensure you use gcc-2.96-74 or later. gcc-2.96-54 will not build
-the kernel correctly.
-
-In addition, please pay attention to compiler optimization. Anything
-greater than -O2 may not be wise. Similarly, if you choose to use gcc-2.95.x
-or derivatives, be sure not to use -fstrict-aliasing (which, depending on
-your version of gcc 2.95.x, may necessitate using -fno-strict-aliasing).
+computer.
Make
----
-You will need Gnu make 3.77 or later to build the kernel.
+You will need Gnu make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
Binutils
--------
your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
release of binutils.
+Perl
+----
+
+You will need perl 5 and the following modules: Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
+File::Basename, and File::Find to build the kernel.
+
+
System utilities
================
Architectural changes
---------------------
-DevFS is now in the kernel. See Documentation/filesystems/devfs/* in
-the kernel source tree for all the gory details.
-
-The Logical Volume Manager (LVM) is now in the kernel. If you want to
-use this, you'll need to install the necessary LVM toolset.
+DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
+(http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
Ksymoops
--------
-If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you'll need a 2.4
-version of ksymoops to decode the report; see REPORTING-BUGS in the
-root of the Linux source for more information.
+If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
+ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
+It is generally preferred to build the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS so
+that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
+produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
+is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and you have no way to rebuild and
+reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
+with ksymoops.
-Modutils
---------
+Module-Init-Tools
+-----------------
-Upgrade to recent modutils to fix various outstanding bugs which are
-seen more frequently under 2.4.x, and to enable auto-loading of USB
-modules. In addition, the layout of modules under
-/lib/modules/`uname -r`/ has been made more sane. This change also
-requires that you upgrade to a recent modutils.
+A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools
+to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
Mkinitrd
--------
versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and
reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
+Xfsprogs
+--------
+
+The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the
+xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
+architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
+work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
+later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
+
+PCMCIAutils
+-----------
+
+PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs (see below). It properly sets up
+PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
+for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
+subsystem is used.
+
Pcmcia-cs
---------
PCMCIA (PC Card) support is now partially implemented in the main
-kernel source. Pay attention when you recompile your kernel ;-).
-Also, be sure to upgrade to the latest pcmcia-cs release.
+kernel source. The "pcmciautils" package (see above) replaces pcmcia-cs
+for newest kernels.
+
+Quota-tools
+-----------
+
+Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
+the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
+newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
+from the table above.
Intel IA32 microcode
--------------------
A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
-accessible as both a devfs regular file and as a normal (misc)
-character device. If you are not using devfs you may need to:
+accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
+udev you may need to:
mkdir /dev/cpu
mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
-If you have compiled the driver as a module you may need to add
-the following line:
-
-alias char-major-10-184 microcode
-
-to your /etc/modules.conf file.
-
Powertweak
----------
version v0.99.0 or higher. Running old versions may cause problems
with programs using shared memory.
+udev
+----
+udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with
+only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic
+functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
+devices.
+
+FUSE
+----
+
+Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
+options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work.
Networking
==========
General changes
---------------
-The IP firewalling and NAT code has been replaced again. The new
-netfilter software (including ipfwadm and ipchains backwards-
-compatible modules) is currently distributed separately.
-
If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
+Packet Filter / NAT
+-------------------
+The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
+kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
+for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
+
PPP
---
enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
-If you are not using devfs, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
+If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
which can be made by:
mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
as root.
-If you build ppp support as modules, you will need the following in
-your /etc/modules.conf file:
-
-alias char-major-108 ppp_generic
-alias /dev/ppp ppp_generic
-alias tty-ldisc-3 ppp_async
-alias tty-ldisc-14 ppp_synctty
-alias ppp-compress-21 bsd_comp
-alias ppp-compress-24 ppp_deflate
-alias ppp-compress-26 ppp_deflate
-
-If you use devfsd and build ppp support as modules, you will need
-the following in your /etc/devfsd.conf file:
-
-LOOKUP PPP MODLOAD
-
Isdn4k-utils
------------
Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
+NFS-utils
+---------
+
+In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
+about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
+information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client
+mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs
+would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab.
+
+This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
+which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
+fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from
+getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
+
+With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
+when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
+appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
+dependency on rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about
+currently active clients.
+
+To enable this new functionality, you need to:
+
+ mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
+
+before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
+services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
+that is possible.
+
+mcelog
+------
+
+In Linux 2.6.31+ the i386 kernel needs to run the mcelog utility
+as a regular cronjob similar to the x86-64 kernel to process and log
+machine check events when CONFIG_X86_NEW_MCE is enabled. Machine check
+events are errors reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
+All x86-64 kernels since 2.6.4 require the mcelog utility to
+process machine checks.
+
Getting updated software
========================
Kernel compilation
******************
-gcc 2.95.3
-----------
-o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-2.95.3.tar.gz>
+gcc
+---
+o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
-Make 3.77
----------
-o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/make-3.77.tar.gz>
+Make
+----
+o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
Binutils
--------
--------
o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
-Modutils
---------
-o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/modutils/v2.4/>
+Module-Init-Tools
+-----------------
+o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
Mkinitrd
--------
-o <ftp://rawhide.redhat.com/pub/rawhide/SRPMS/SRPMS/>
+o <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
E2fsprogs
---------
-o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.25.tar.gz>
+o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
JFSutils
--------
-o <http://oss.software.ibm.com/jfs>
+o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
Reiserfsprogs
-------------
-o <ftp://ftp.namesys.com/pub/reiserfsprogs/reiserfsprogs-3.x.0b.tar.gz>
+o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
+
+Xfsprogs
+--------
+o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
-LVM toolset
+Pcmciautils
-----------
-o <http://www.sistina.com/lvm/>
+o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
Pcmcia-cs
---------
-o <ftp://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/pub/pcmcia-cs/pcmcia-cs-3.1.21.tar.gz>
+o <http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/>
-Jade
-----
-o <ftp://ftp.jclark.com/pub/jade/jade-1.2.1.tar.gz>
+Quota-tools
+----------
+o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
DocBook Stylesheets
-------------------
o <http://nwalsh.com/docbook/dsssl/>
+XMLTO XSLT Frontend
+-------------------
+o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
+
Intel P6 microcode
------------------
o <http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode/>
----------
o <http://powertweak.sourceforge.net/>
+udev
+----
+o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev.html>
+
+FUSE
+----
+o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
+
+mcelog
+------
+o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/cpu/mce/>
+
Networking
**********
PPP
---
-o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/ppp-2.4.0.tar.gz>
+o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
Isdn4k-utils
------------
-o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/isdn4k-utils.v3.1pre1.tar.gz>
+o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
-Netfilter
+NFS-utils
---------
-o <http://netfilter.filewatcher.org/iptables-1.2.tar.bz2>
-o <http://netfilter.samba.org/iptables-1.2.tar.bz2>
-o <http://netfilter.kernelnotes.org/iptables-1.2.tar.bz2>
+o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
+
+Iptables
+--------
+o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
Ip-route2
---------
-o <ftp://ftp.inr.ac.ru/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz>
+o <ftp://ftp.tux.org/pub/net/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz>
+
+OProfile
+--------
+o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
-Suggestions and corrections
-===========================
+NFS-Utils
+---------
+o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
-Please feel free to submit changes, corrections, gripes, flames,
-money, etc. to me <chris.ricker@genetics.utah.edu>. Happy Linuxing!
projects / linux-flexiantxendom0-3.2.10.git / blobdiff