Update to 3.4-final.
[linux-flexiantxendom0-3.2.10.git] / fs / fs-writeback.c
index 664acdb..539f36c 100644 (file)
  */
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
-#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/export.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/pagemap.h>
 #include <linux/kthread.h>
 #include <linux/freezer.h>
 #include <linux/writeback.h>
 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
-#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
 #include <linux/tracepoint.h>
 #include "internal.h"
 
 /*
+ * 4MB minimal write chunk size
+ */
+#define MIN_WRITEBACK_PAGES    (4096UL >> (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - 10))
+
+/*
  * Passed into wb_writeback(), essentially a subset of writeback_control
  */
 struct wb_writeback_work {
        long nr_pages;
        struct super_block *sb;
+       unsigned long *older_than_this;
        enum writeback_sync_modes sync_mode;
        unsigned int tagged_writepages:1;
        unsigned int for_kupdate:1;
        unsigned int range_cyclic:1;
        unsigned int for_background:1;
+       enum wb_reason reason;          /* why was writeback initiated? */
 
        struct list_head list;          /* pending work list */
        struct completion *done;        /* set if the caller waits */
 };
 
 /*
- * Include the creation of the trace points after defining the
- * wb_writeback_work structure so that the definition remains local to this
- * file.
- */
-#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
-#include <trace/events/writeback.h>
-
-/*
  * We don't actually have pdflush, but this one is exported though /proc...
  */
 int nr_pdflush_threads;
@@ -85,6 +84,14 @@ static inline struct inode *wb_inode(struct list_head *head)
        return list_entry(head, struct inode, i_wb_list);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Include the creation of the trace points after defining the
+ * wb_writeback_work structure and inline functions so that the definition
+ * remains local to this file.
+ */
+#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
+#include <trace/events/writeback.h>
+
 /* Wakeup flusher thread or forker thread to fork it. Requires bdi->wb_lock. */
 static void bdi_wakeup_flusher(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
 {
@@ -114,7 +121,7 @@ static void bdi_queue_work(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
 
 static void
 __bdi_start_writeback(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, long nr_pages,
-                     bool range_cyclic)
+                     bool range_cyclic, enum wb_reason reason)
 {
        struct wb_writeback_work *work;
 
@@ -134,6 +141,7 @@ __bdi_start_writeback(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, long nr_pages,
        work->sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE;
        work->nr_pages  = nr_pages;
        work->range_cyclic = range_cyclic;
+       work->reason    = reason;
 
        bdi_queue_work(bdi, work);
 }
@@ -142,6 +150,7 @@ __bdi_start_writeback(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, long nr_pages,
  * bdi_start_writeback - start writeback
  * @bdi: the backing device to write from
  * @nr_pages: the number of pages to write
+ * @reason: reason why some writeback work was initiated
  *
  * Description:
  *   This does WB_SYNC_NONE opportunistic writeback. The IO is only
@@ -149,9 +158,10 @@ __bdi_start_writeback(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, long nr_pages,
  *   completion. Caller need not hold sb s_umount semaphore.
  *
  */
-void bdi_start_writeback(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, long nr_pages)
+void bdi_start_writeback(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, long nr_pages,
+                       enum wb_reason reason)
 {
-       __bdi_start_writeback(bdi, nr_pages, true);
+       __bdi_start_writeback(bdi, nr_pages, true, reason);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -181,12 +191,13 @@ void bdi_start_background_writeback(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
  */
 void inode_wb_list_del(struct inode *inode)
 {
-       spin_lock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+       struct backing_dev_info *bdi = inode_to_bdi(inode);
+
+       spin_lock(&bdi->wb.list_lock);
        list_del_init(&inode->i_wb_list);
-       spin_unlock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+       spin_unlock(&bdi->wb.list_lock);
 }
 
-
 /*
  * Redirty an inode: set its when-it-was dirtied timestamp and move it to the
  * furthest end of its superblock's dirty-inode list.
@@ -196,11 +207,9 @@ void inode_wb_list_del(struct inode *inode)
  * the case then the inode must have been redirtied while it was being written
  * out and we don't reset its dirtied_when.
  */
-static void redirty_tail(struct inode *inode)
+static void redirty_tail(struct inode *inode, struct bdi_writeback *wb)
 {
-       struct bdi_writeback *wb = &inode_to_bdi(inode)->wb;
-
-       assert_spin_locked(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+       assert_spin_locked(&wb->list_lock);
        if (!list_empty(&wb->b_dirty)) {
                struct inode *tail;
 
@@ -214,11 +223,9 @@ static void redirty_tail(struct inode *inode)
 /*
  * requeue inode for re-scanning after bdi->b_io list is exhausted.
  */
-static void requeue_io(struct inode *inode)
+static void requeue_io(struct inode *inode, struct bdi_writeback *wb)
 {
-       struct bdi_writeback *wb = &inode_to_bdi(inode)->wb;
-
-       assert_spin_locked(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+       assert_spin_locked(&wb->list_lock);
        list_move(&inode->i_wb_list, &wb->b_more_io);
 }
 
@@ -226,7 +233,7 @@ static void inode_sync_complete(struct inode *inode)
 {
        /*
         * Prevent speculative execution through
-        * spin_unlock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+        * spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
         */
 
        smp_mb();
@@ -249,33 +256,36 @@ static bool inode_dirtied_after(struct inode *inode, unsigned long t)
 }
 
 /*
- * Move expired dirty inodes from @delaying_queue to @dispatch_queue.
+ * Move expired (dirtied after work->older_than_this) dirty inodes from
+ * @delaying_queue to @dispatch_queue.
  */
-static void move_expired_inodes(struct list_head *delaying_queue,
+static int move_expired_inodes(struct list_head *delaying_queue,
                               struct list_head *dispatch_queue,
-                               unsigned long *older_than_this)
+                              struct wb_writeback_work *work)
 {
        LIST_HEAD(tmp);
        struct list_head *pos, *node;
        struct super_block *sb = NULL;
        struct inode *inode;
        int do_sb_sort = 0;
+       int moved = 0;
 
        while (!list_empty(delaying_queue)) {
                inode = wb_inode(delaying_queue->prev);
-               if (older_than_this &&
-                   inode_dirtied_after(inode, *older_than_this))
+               if (work->older_than_this &&
+                   inode_dirtied_after(inode, *work->older_than_this))
                        break;
                if (sb && sb != inode->i_sb)
                        do_sb_sort = 1;
                sb = inode->i_sb;
                list_move(&inode->i_wb_list, &tmp);
+               moved++;
        }
 
        /* just one sb in list, splice to dispatch_queue and we're done */
        if (!do_sb_sort) {
                list_splice(&tmp, dispatch_queue);
-               return;
+               goto out;
        }
 
        /* Move inodes from one superblock together */
@@ -287,6 +297,8 @@ static void move_expired_inodes(struct list_head *delaying_queue,
                                list_move(&inode->i_wb_list, dispatch_queue);
                }
        }
+out:
+       return moved;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -300,11 +312,13 @@ static void move_expired_inodes(struct list_head *delaying_queue,
  *                                           |
  *                                           +--> dequeue for IO
  */
-static void queue_io(struct bdi_writeback *wb, unsigned long *older_than_this)
+static void queue_io(struct bdi_writeback *wb, struct wb_writeback_work *work)
 {
-       assert_spin_locked(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+       int moved;
+       assert_spin_locked(&wb->list_lock);
        list_splice_init(&wb->b_more_io, &wb->b_io);
-       move_expired_inodes(&wb->b_dirty, &wb->b_io, older_than_this);
+       moved = move_expired_inodes(&wb->b_dirty, &wb->b_io, work);
+       trace_writeback_queue_io(wb, work, moved);
 }
 
 static int write_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
@@ -317,7 +331,8 @@ static int write_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
 /*
  * Wait for writeback on an inode to complete.
  */
-static void inode_wait_for_writeback(struct inode *inode)
+static void inode_wait_for_writeback(struct inode *inode,
+                                    struct bdi_writeback *wb)
 {
        DEFINE_WAIT_BIT(wq, &inode->i_state, __I_SYNC);
        wait_queue_head_t *wqh;
@@ -325,15 +340,15 @@ static void inode_wait_for_writeback(struct inode *inode)
        wqh = bit_waitqueue(&inode->i_state, __I_SYNC);
        while (inode->i_state & I_SYNC) {
                spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
-               spin_unlock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+               spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
                __wait_on_bit(wqh, &wq, inode_wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
-               spin_lock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+               spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
                spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
        }
 }
 
 /*
- * Write out an inode's dirty pages.  Called under inode_wb_list_lock and
+ * Write out an inode's dirty pages.  Called under wb->list_lock and
  * inode->i_lock.  Either the caller has an active reference on the inode or
  * the inode has I_WILL_FREE set.
  *
@@ -344,13 +359,15 @@ static void inode_wait_for_writeback(struct inode *inode)
  * livelocks, etc.
  */
 static int
-writeback_single_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
+writeback_single_inode(struct inode *inode, struct bdi_writeback *wb,
+                      struct writeback_control *wbc)
 {
        struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
+       long nr_to_write = wbc->nr_to_write;
        unsigned dirty;
        int ret;
 
-       assert_spin_locked(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+       assert_spin_locked(&wb->list_lock);
        assert_spin_locked(&inode->i_lock);
 
        if (!atomic_read(&inode->i_count))
@@ -368,14 +385,16 @@ writeback_single_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
                 * completed a full scan of b_io.
                 */
                if (wbc->sync_mode != WB_SYNC_ALL) {
-                       requeue_io(inode);
+                       requeue_io(inode, wb);
+                       trace_writeback_single_inode_requeue(inode, wbc,
+                                                            nr_to_write);
                        return 0;
                }
 
                /*
                 * It's a data-integrity sync.  We must wait.
                 */
-               inode_wait_for_writeback(inode);
+               inode_wait_for_writeback(inode, wb);
        }
 
        BUG_ON(inode->i_state & I_SYNC);
@@ -384,7 +403,7 @@ writeback_single_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
        inode->i_state |= I_SYNC;
        inode->i_state &= ~I_DIRTY_PAGES;
        spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
-       spin_unlock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+       spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
 
        ret = do_writepages(mapping, wbc);
 
@@ -415,7 +434,7 @@ writeback_single_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
                        ret = err;
        }
 
-       spin_lock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+       spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
        spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
        inode->i_state &= ~I_SYNC;
        if (!(inode->i_state & I_FREEING)) {
@@ -438,7 +457,7 @@ writeback_single_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
                                /*
                                 * slice used up: queue for next turn
                                 */
-                               requeue_io(inode);
+                               requeue_io(inode, wb);
                        } else {
                                /*
                                 * Writeback blocked by something other than
@@ -447,7 +466,7 @@ writeback_single_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
                                 * retrying writeback of the dirty page/inode
                                 * that cannot be performed immediately.
                                 */
-                               redirty_tail(inode);
+                               redirty_tail(inode, wb);
                        }
                } else if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY) {
                        /*
@@ -456,7 +475,7 @@ writeback_single_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
                         * submission or metadata updates after data IO
                         * completion.
                         */
-                       redirty_tail(inode);
+                       redirty_tail(inode, wb);
                } else {
                        /*
                         * The inode is clean.  At this point we either have
@@ -464,37 +483,42 @@ writeback_single_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
                         * No need to add it back to the LRU.
                         */
                        list_del_init(&inode->i_wb_list);
-                       wbc->inodes_written++;
                }
        }
        inode_sync_complete(inode);
+       trace_writeback_single_inode(inode, wbc, nr_to_write);
        return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * For background writeback the caller does not have the sb pinned
- * before calling writeback. So make sure that we do pin it, so it doesn't
- * go away while we are writing inodes from it.
- */
-static bool pin_sb_for_writeback(struct super_block *sb)
+static long writeback_chunk_size(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
+                                struct wb_writeback_work *work)
 {
-       spin_lock(&sb_lock);
-       if (list_empty(&sb->s_instances)) {
-               spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
-               return false;
-       }
+       long pages;
 
-       sb->s_count++;
-       spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
-
-       if (down_read_trylock(&sb->s_umount)) {
-               if (sb->s_root)
-                       return true;
-               up_read(&sb->s_umount);
+       /*
+        * WB_SYNC_ALL mode does livelock avoidance by syncing dirty
+        * inodes/pages in one big loop. Setting wbc.nr_to_write=LONG_MAX
+        * here avoids calling into writeback_inodes_wb() more than once.
+        *
+        * The intended call sequence for WB_SYNC_ALL writeback is:
+        *
+        *      wb_writeback()
+        *          writeback_sb_inodes()       <== called only once
+        *              write_cache_pages()     <== called once for each inode
+        *                   (quickly) tag currently dirty pages
+        *                   (maybe slowly) sync all tagged pages
+        */
+       if (work->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL || work->tagged_writepages)
+               pages = LONG_MAX;
+       else {
+               pages = min(bdi->avg_write_bandwidth / 2,
+                           global_dirty_limit / DIRTY_SCOPE);
+               pages = min(pages, work->nr_pages);
+               pages = round_down(pages + MIN_WRITEBACK_PAGES,
+                                  MIN_WRITEBACK_PAGES);
        }
 
-       put_super(sb);
-       return false;
+       return pages;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -504,24 +528,36 @@ static bool pin_sb_for_writeback(struct super_block *sb)
  * inodes. Otherwise write only ones which go sequentially
  * in reverse order.
  *
- * Return 1, if the caller writeback routine should be
- * interrupted. Otherwise return 0.
+ * Return the number of pages and/or inodes written.
  */
-static int writeback_sb_inodes(struct super_block *sb, struct bdi_writeback *wb,
-               struct writeback_control *wbc, bool only_this_sb)
+static long writeback_sb_inodes(struct super_block *sb,
+                               struct bdi_writeback *wb,
+                               struct wb_writeback_work *work)
 {
+       struct writeback_control wbc = {
+               .sync_mode              = work->sync_mode,
+               .tagged_writepages      = work->tagged_writepages,
+               .for_kupdate            = work->for_kupdate,
+               .for_background         = work->for_background,
+               .range_cyclic           = work->range_cyclic,
+               .range_start            = 0,
+               .range_end              = LLONG_MAX,
+       };
+       unsigned long start_time = jiffies;
+       long write_chunk;
+       long wrote = 0;  /* count both pages and inodes */
+
        while (!list_empty(&wb->b_io)) {
-               long pages_skipped;
                struct inode *inode = wb_inode(wb->b_io.prev);
 
                if (inode->i_sb != sb) {
-                       if (only_this_sb) {
+                       if (work->sb) {
                                /*
                                 * We only want to write back data for this
                                 * superblock, move all inodes not belonging
                                 * to it back onto the dirty list.
                                 */
-                               redirty_tail(inode);
+                               redirty_tail(inode, wb);
                                continue;
                        }
 
@@ -530,7 +566,7 @@ static int writeback_sb_inodes(struct super_block *sb, struct bdi_writeback *wb,
                         * Bounce back to the caller to unpin this and
                         * pin the next superblock.
                         */
-                       return 0;
+                       break;
                }
 
                /*
@@ -541,105 +577,124 @@ static int writeback_sb_inodes(struct super_block *sb, struct bdi_writeback *wb,
                spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
                if (inode->i_state & (I_NEW | I_FREEING | I_WILL_FREE)) {
                        spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
-                       requeue_io(inode);
+                       redirty_tail(inode, wb);
                        continue;
                }
-
-               /*
-                * Was this inode dirtied after sync_sb_inodes was called?
-                * This keeps sync from extra jobs and livelock.
-                */
-               if (inode_dirtied_after(inode, wbc->wb_start)) {
-                       spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
-                       return 1;
-               }
-
                __iget(inode);
+               write_chunk = writeback_chunk_size(wb->bdi, work);
+               wbc.nr_to_write = write_chunk;
+               wbc.pages_skipped = 0;
+
+               writeback_single_inode(inode, wb, &wbc);
 
-               pages_skipped = wbc->pages_skipped;
-               writeback_single_inode(inode, wbc);
-               if (wbc->pages_skipped != pages_skipped) {
+               work->nr_pages -= write_chunk - wbc.nr_to_write;
+               wrote += write_chunk - wbc.nr_to_write;
+               if (!(inode->i_state & I_DIRTY))
+                       wrote++;
+               if (wbc.pages_skipped) {
                        /*
                         * writeback is not making progress due to locked
                         * buffers.  Skip this inode for now.
                         */
-                       redirty_tail(inode);
+                       redirty_tail(inode, wb);
                }
                spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
-               spin_unlock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+               spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
                iput(inode);
                cond_resched();
-               spin_lock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
-               if (wbc->nr_to_write <= 0) {
-                       wbc->more_io = 1;
-                       return 1;
+               spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
+               /*
+                * bail out to wb_writeback() often enough to check
+                * background threshold and other termination conditions.
+                */
+               if (wrote) {
+                       if (time_is_before_jiffies(start_time + HZ / 10UL))
+                               break;
+                       if (work->nr_pages <= 0)
+                               break;
                }
-               if (!list_empty(&wb->b_more_io))
-                       wbc->more_io = 1;
        }
-       /* b_io is empty */
-       return 1;
+       return wrote;
 }
 
-void writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
-               struct writeback_control *wbc)
+static long __writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
+                                 struct wb_writeback_work *work)
 {
-       int ret = 0;
-
-       if (!wbc->wb_start)
-               wbc->wb_start = jiffies; /* livelock avoidance */
-       spin_lock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
-
-       if (list_empty(&wb->b_io))
-               queue_io(wb, wbc->older_than_this);
+       unsigned long start_time = jiffies;
+       long wrote = 0;
 
        while (!list_empty(&wb->b_io)) {
                struct inode *inode = wb_inode(wb->b_io.prev);
                struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
 
-               if (!pin_sb_for_writeback(sb)) {
-                       requeue_io(inode);
+               if (!grab_super_passive(sb)) {
+                       /*
+                        * grab_super_passive() may fail consistently due to
+                        * s_umount being grabbed by someone else. Don't use
+                        * requeue_io() to avoid busy retrying the inode/sb.
+                        */
+                       redirty_tail(inode, wb);
                        continue;
                }
-               ret = writeback_sb_inodes(sb, wb, wbc, false);
+               wrote += writeback_sb_inodes(sb, wb, work);
                drop_super(sb);
 
-               if (ret)
-                       break;
+               /* refer to the same tests at the end of writeback_sb_inodes */
+               if (wrote) {
+                       if (time_is_before_jiffies(start_time + HZ / 10UL))
+                               break;
+                       if (work->nr_pages <= 0)
+                               break;
+               }
        }
-       spin_unlock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
        /* Leave any unwritten inodes on b_io */
+       return wrote;
 }
 
-static void __writeback_inodes_sb(struct super_block *sb,
-               struct bdi_writeback *wb, struct writeback_control *wbc)
+long writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb, long nr_pages,
+                               enum wb_reason reason)
 {
-       WARN_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&sb->s_umount));
+       struct wb_writeback_work work = {
+               .nr_pages       = nr_pages,
+               .sync_mode      = WB_SYNC_NONE,
+               .range_cyclic   = 1,
+               .reason         = reason,
+       };
 
-       spin_lock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+       spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
        if (list_empty(&wb->b_io))
-               queue_io(wb, wbc->older_than_this);
-       writeback_sb_inodes(sb, wb, wbc, true);
-       spin_unlock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
-}
+               queue_io(wb, &work);
+       __writeback_inodes_wb(wb, &work);
+       spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
 
-/*
- * The maximum number of pages to writeout in a single bdi flush/kupdate
- * operation.  We do this so we don't hold I_SYNC against an inode for
- * enormous amounts of time, which would block a userspace task which has
- * been forced to throttle against that inode.  Also, the code reevaluates
- * the dirty each time it has written this many pages.
- */
-#define MAX_WRITEBACK_PAGES     1024
+       return nr_pages - work.nr_pages;
+}
 
-static inline bool over_bground_thresh(void)
+static bool over_bground_thresh(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
 {
        unsigned long background_thresh, dirty_thresh;
 
        global_dirty_limits(&background_thresh, &dirty_thresh);
 
-       return (global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) +
-               global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS) > background_thresh);
+       if (global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) +
+           global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS) > background_thresh)
+               return true;
+
+       if (bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_RECLAIMABLE) >
+                               bdi_dirty_limit(bdi, background_thresh))
+               return true;
+
+       return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called under wb->list_lock. If there are multiple wb per bdi,
+ * only the flusher working on the first wb should do it.
+ */
+static void wb_update_bandwidth(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
+                               unsigned long start_time)
+{
+       __bdi_update_bandwidth(wb->bdi, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, start_time);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -660,41 +715,16 @@ static inline bool over_bground_thresh(void)
 static long wb_writeback(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
                         struct wb_writeback_work *work)
 {
-       struct writeback_control wbc = {
-               .sync_mode              = work->sync_mode,
-               .tagged_writepages      = work->tagged_writepages,
-               .older_than_this        = NULL,
-               .for_kupdate            = work->for_kupdate,
-               .for_background         = work->for_background,
-               .range_cyclic           = work->range_cyclic,
-       };
+       unsigned long wb_start = jiffies;
+       long nr_pages = work->nr_pages;
        unsigned long oldest_jif;
-       long wrote = 0;
-       long write_chunk = MAX_WRITEBACK_PAGES;
        struct inode *inode;
+       long progress;
 
-       if (!wbc.range_cyclic) {
-               wbc.range_start = 0;
-               wbc.range_end = LLONG_MAX;
-       }
-
-       /*
-        * WB_SYNC_ALL mode does livelock avoidance by syncing dirty
-        * inodes/pages in one big loop. Setting wbc.nr_to_write=LONG_MAX
-        * here avoids calling into writeback_inodes_wb() more than once.
-        *
-        * The intended call sequence for WB_SYNC_ALL writeback is:
-        *
-        *      wb_writeback()
-        *          __writeback_inodes_sb()     <== called only once
-        *              write_cache_pages()     <== called once for each inode
-        *                   (quickly) tag currently dirty pages
-        *                   (maybe slowly) sync all tagged pages
-        */
-       if (wbc.sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL || wbc.tagged_writepages)
-               write_chunk = LONG_MAX;
+       oldest_jif = jiffies;
+       work->older_than_this = &oldest_jif;
 
-       wbc.wb_start = jiffies; /* livelock avoidance */
+       spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
        for (;;) {
                /*
                 * Stop writeback when nr_pages has been consumed
@@ -716,29 +746,31 @@ static long wb_writeback(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
                 * For background writeout, stop when we are below the
                 * background dirty threshold
                 */
-               if (work->for_background && !over_bground_thresh())
+               if (work->for_background && !over_bground_thresh(wb->bdi))
                        break;
 
+               /*
+                * Kupdate and background works are special and we want to
+                * include all inodes that need writing. Livelock avoidance is
+                * handled by these works yielding to any other work so we are
+                * safe.
+                */
                if (work->for_kupdate) {
                        oldest_jif = jiffies -
                                msecs_to_jiffies(dirty_expire_interval * 10);
-                       wbc.older_than_this = &oldest_jif;
-               }
+               } else if (work->for_background)
+                       oldest_jif = jiffies;
 
-               wbc.more_io = 0;
-               wbc.nr_to_write = write_chunk;
-               wbc.pages_skipped = 0;
-               wbc.inodes_written = 0;
-
-               trace_wbc_writeback_start(&wbc, wb->bdi);
+               trace_writeback_start(wb->bdi, work);
+               if (list_empty(&wb->b_io))
+                       queue_io(wb, work);
                if (work->sb)
-                       __writeback_inodes_sb(work->sb, wb, &wbc);
+                       progress = writeback_sb_inodes(work->sb, wb, work);
                else
-                       writeback_inodes_wb(wb, &wbc);
-               trace_wbc_writeback_written(&wbc, wb->bdi);
+                       progress = __writeback_inodes_wb(wb, work);
+               trace_writeback_written(wb->bdi, work);
 
-               work->nr_pages -= write_chunk - wbc.nr_to_write;
-               wrote += write_chunk - wbc.nr_to_write;
+               wb_update_bandwidth(wb, wb_start);
 
                /*
                 * Did we write something? Try for more
@@ -748,32 +780,29 @@ static long wb_writeback(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
                 * mean the overall work is done. So we keep looping as long
                 * as made some progress on cleaning pages or inodes.
                 */
-               if (wbc.nr_to_write < write_chunk)
-                       continue;
-               if (wbc.inodes_written)
+               if (progress)
                        continue;
                /*
                 * No more inodes for IO, bail
                 */
-               if (!wbc.more_io)
+               if (list_empty(&wb->b_more_io))
                        break;
                /*
                 * Nothing written. Wait for some inode to
                 * become available for writeback. Otherwise
                 * we'll just busyloop.
                 */
-               spin_lock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
                if (!list_empty(&wb->b_more_io))  {
+                       trace_writeback_wait(wb->bdi, work);
                        inode = wb_inode(wb->b_more_io.prev);
-                       trace_wbc_writeback_wait(&wbc, wb->bdi);
                        spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
-                       inode_wait_for_writeback(inode);
+                       inode_wait_for_writeback(inode, wb);
                        spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
                }
-               spin_unlock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
        }
+       spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
 
-       return wrote;
+       return nr_pages - work->nr_pages;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -807,13 +836,14 @@ static unsigned long get_nr_dirty_pages(void)
 
 static long wb_check_background_flush(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
 {
-       if (over_bground_thresh()) {
+       if (over_bground_thresh(wb->bdi)) {
 
                struct wb_writeback_work work = {
                        .nr_pages       = LONG_MAX,
                        .sync_mode      = WB_SYNC_NONE,
                        .for_background = 1,
                        .range_cyclic   = 1,
+                       .reason         = WB_REASON_BACKGROUND,
                };
 
                return wb_writeback(wb, &work);
@@ -847,6 +877,7 @@ static long wb_check_old_data_flush(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
                        .sync_mode      = WB_SYNC_NONE,
                        .for_kupdate    = 1,
                        .range_cyclic   = 1,
+                       .reason         = WB_REASON_PERIODIC,
                };
 
                return wb_writeback(wb, &work);
@@ -918,7 +949,7 @@ int bdi_writeback_thread(void *data)
 
        trace_writeback_thread_start(bdi);
 
-       while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
+       while (!kthread_freezable_should_stop(NULL)) {
                /*
                 * Remove own delayed wake-up timer, since we are already awake
                 * and we'll take care of the preriodic write-back.
@@ -948,8 +979,6 @@ int bdi_writeback_thread(void *data)
                         */
                        schedule();
                }
-
-               try_to_freeze();
        }
 
        /* Flush any work that raced with us exiting */
@@ -965,7 +994,7 @@ int bdi_writeback_thread(void *data)
  * Start writeback of `nr_pages' pages.  If `nr_pages' is zero, write back
  * the whole world.
  */
-void wakeup_flusher_threads(long nr_pages)
+void wakeup_flusher_threads(long nr_pages, enum wb_reason reason)
 {
        struct backing_dev_info *bdi;
 
@@ -978,7 +1007,7 @@ void wakeup_flusher_threads(long nr_pages)
        list_for_each_entry_rcu(bdi, &bdi_list, bdi_list) {
                if (!bdi_has_dirty_io(bdi))
                        continue;
-               __bdi_start_writeback(bdi, nr_pages, false);
+               __bdi_start_writeback(bdi, nr_pages, false, reason);
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();
 }
@@ -1104,10 +1133,10 @@ void __mark_inode_dirty(struct inode *inode, int flags)
                        }
 
                        spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
-                       spin_lock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+                       spin_lock(&bdi->wb.list_lock);
                        inode->dirtied_when = jiffies;
                        list_move(&inode->i_wb_list, &bdi->wb.b_dirty);
-                       spin_unlock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+                       spin_unlock(&bdi->wb.list_lock);
 
                        if (wakeup_bdi)
                                bdi_wakeup_thread_delayed(bdi);
@@ -1120,23 +1149,6 @@ out_unlock_inode:
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mark_inode_dirty);
 
-/*
- * Write out a superblock's list of dirty inodes.  A wait will be performed
- * upon no inodes, all inodes or the final one, depending upon sync_mode.
- *
- * If older_than_this is non-NULL, then only write out inodes which
- * had their first dirtying at a time earlier than *older_than_this.
- *
- * If `bdi' is non-zero then we're being asked to writeback a specific queue.
- * This function assumes that the blockdev superblock's inodes are backed by
- * a variety of queues, so all inodes are searched.  For other superblocks,
- * assume that all inodes are backed by the same queue.
- *
- * The inodes to be written are parked on bdi->b_io.  They are moved back onto
- * bdi->b_dirty as they are selected for writing.  This way, none can be missed
- * on the writer throttling path, and we get decent balancing between many
- * throttled threads: we don't want them all piling up on inode_sync_wait.
- */
 static void wait_sb_inodes(struct super_block *sb)
 {
        struct inode *inode, *old_inode = NULL;
@@ -1194,12 +1206,15 @@ static void wait_sb_inodes(struct super_block *sb)
  * writeback_inodes_sb_nr -    writeback dirty inodes from given super_block
  * @sb: the superblock
  * @nr: the number of pages to write
+ * @reason: reason why some writeback work initiated
  *
  * Start writeback on some inodes on this super_block. No guarantees are made
  * on how many (if any) will be written, and this function does not wait
  * for IO completion of submitted IO.
  */
-void writeback_inodes_sb_nr(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long nr)
+void writeback_inodes_sb_nr(struct super_block *sb,
+                           unsigned long nr,
+                           enum wb_reason reason)
 {
        DECLARE_COMPLETION_ONSTACK(done);
        struct wb_writeback_work work = {
@@ -1208,6 +1223,7 @@ void writeback_inodes_sb_nr(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long nr)
                .tagged_writepages      = 1,
                .done                   = &done,
                .nr_pages               = nr,
+               .reason                 = reason,
        };
 
        WARN_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&sb->s_umount));
@@ -1219,29 +1235,31 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(writeback_inodes_sb_nr);
 /**
  * writeback_inodes_sb -       writeback dirty inodes from given super_block
  * @sb: the superblock
+ * @reason: reason why some writeback work was initiated
  *
  * Start writeback on some inodes on this super_block. No guarantees are made
  * on how many (if any) will be written, and this function does not wait
  * for IO completion of submitted IO.
  */
-void writeback_inodes_sb(struct super_block *sb)
+void writeback_inodes_sb(struct super_block *sb, enum wb_reason reason)
 {
-       return writeback_inodes_sb_nr(sb, get_nr_dirty_pages());
+       return writeback_inodes_sb_nr(sb, get_nr_dirty_pages(), reason);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(writeback_inodes_sb);
 
 /**
  * writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle -       start writeback if none underway
  * @sb: the superblock
+ * @reason: reason why some writeback work was initiated
  *
  * Invoke writeback_inodes_sb if no writeback is currently underway.
  * Returns 1 if writeback was started, 0 if not.
  */
-int writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle(struct super_block *sb)
+int writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle(struct super_block *sb, enum wb_reason reason)
 {
        if (!writeback_in_progress(sb->s_bdi)) {
                down_read(&sb->s_umount);
-               writeback_inodes_sb(sb);
+               writeback_inodes_sb(sb, reason);
                up_read(&sb->s_umount);
                return 1;
        } else
@@ -1250,19 +1268,21 @@ int writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle(struct super_block *sb)
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle);
 
 /**
- * writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle -       start writeback if none underway
+ * writeback_inodes_sb_nr_if_idle      -       start writeback if none underway
  * @sb: the superblock
  * @nr: the number of pages to write
+ * @reason: reason why some writeback work was initiated
  *
  * Invoke writeback_inodes_sb if no writeback is currently underway.
  * Returns 1 if writeback was started, 0 if not.
  */
 int writeback_inodes_sb_nr_if_idle(struct super_block *sb,
-                                  unsigned long nr)
+                                  unsigned long nr,
+                                  enum wb_reason reason)
 {
        if (!writeback_in_progress(sb->s_bdi)) {
                down_read(&sb->s_umount);
-               writeback_inodes_sb_nr(sb, nr);
+               writeback_inodes_sb_nr(sb, nr, reason);
                up_read(&sb->s_umount);
                return 1;
        } else
@@ -1286,6 +1306,7 @@ void sync_inodes_sb(struct super_block *sb)
                .nr_pages       = LONG_MAX,
                .range_cyclic   = 0,
                .done           = &done,
+               .reason         = WB_REASON_SYNC,
        };
 
        WARN_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&sb->s_umount));
@@ -1309,6 +1330,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(sync_inodes_sb);
  */
 int write_inode_now(struct inode *inode, int sync)
 {
+       struct bdi_writeback *wb = &inode_to_bdi(inode)->wb;
        int ret;
        struct writeback_control wbc = {
                .nr_to_write = LONG_MAX,
@@ -1321,13 +1343,11 @@ int write_inode_now(struct inode *inode, int sync)
                wbc.nr_to_write = 0;
 
        might_sleep();
-       spin_lock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+       spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
        spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
-       ret = writeback_single_inode(inode, &wbc);
+       ret = writeback_single_inode(inode, wb, &wbc);
        spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
-       spin_unlock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
-       if (sync)
-               inode_sync_wait(inode);
+       spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
        return ret;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(write_inode_now);
@@ -1345,13 +1365,14 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(write_inode_now);
  */
 int sync_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
 {
+       struct bdi_writeback *wb = &inode_to_bdi(inode)->wb;
        int ret;
 
-       spin_lock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+       spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
        spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
-       ret = writeback_single_inode(inode, wbc);
+       ret = writeback_single_inode(inode, wb, wbc);
        spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
-       spin_unlock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+       spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
        return ret;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sync_inode);